卵鞘

卵鞘是一種由軟體動物、螳螂和蟑螂等物種產生的卵塊。^[1][2][3]

螳螂的卵鞘

卵鞘由結構蛋白和鞣劑組成，使蛋白質在卵周圍變硬，從而提供保護和穩定性。^[1]由於卵鞘外殼的複雜結構提供了進化繁殖優勢^[4]（儘管適應性和壽命也取決於其他因素，如孵化的溫度）。^[5]卵鞘最明顯存在於蟑螂（蜚蠊目）和螳螂（螳螂目）中。^[6][7]

卵鞘保護卵免受微生物、寄生蜂、捕食者和天氣的侵害；卵鞘通過其表面的變化保持穩定的水平衡，它在乾燥氣候下是多孔的，以防止脫水；在潮濕氣候下是光滑的，以防止過飽和。^[8][9]其組成和外觀因物種和環境而異。^[8][3][4]

圖集

• 
  雌性美洲家蠊與其卵鞘
• 
  雌性德國姬蠊與其卵鞘
• 
  已孵化的寬腹斧螳（Hierodula patellifera）卵鞘的矢狀面
• 
  在加拿大安大略省貴湖的薄翅螳螂（Mantis religiosa）卵鞘
• 
  在印度喀拉拉邦的螳螂卵鞘
• 
  蟑螂的卵鞘

參考資料

1. Brunet, P. C. J. The Formation of the Ootheca by Periplaneta americana : I. The Micro-anatomy and Histology of the posterior part of the Abdomen. Journal of Cell Science. 1 June 1951, s3–92 (18): 113–127 [2022-09-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-29）.
2. Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. 2005-05-16: 230. ISBN 9780521821490 （英語）.
3. Matthews-Cascon, Helena; Rocha-Barreira, Cristina de Almeida; Meirelles, Carlos; Bigatti, Gregorio; Penchaszadeh, Pablo. Description of the ootheca of Turbinella laevigata (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. April 2009, 52 (2): 359–364. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132009000200013 .
4. Goldberg, Julia; Bresseel, Joachim; Constant, Jerome; Kneubühler, Bruno; Leubner, Fanny; Michalik, Peter; Bradler, Sven. Extreme convergence in egg-laying strategy across insect orders. Scientific Reports. 16 January 2015, 5 (1): 7825. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E7825G. PMC 4648384 . PMID 25592976. doi:10.1038/srep07825.
5. Tee, Hui-Siang; Lee, Chow-Yang. Influences of Temperature and Ootheca Age on the Life History of the Cockroach Ootheca Parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 27 December 2016, 110 (1): 213–220. PMID 28028170. S2CID 7134811. doi:10.1093/jee/tow287.
6. Ootheca - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES). [2022-09-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-11）.
7. Goldberg, Julia; Bresseel, Joachim; Constant, Jerome; Kneubühler, Bruno; Leubner, Fanny; Michalik, Peter; Bradler, Sven. Extreme convergence in egg-laying strategy across insect orders. Scientific Reports. 16 January 2015, 5 (1): 7825. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E7825G. PMC 4648384 . PMID 25592976. doi:10.1038/srep07825.
8. Insekten : [Autoren dieses Bd.: Kurt Günther ...].. Günther, Kurt., Petzsch, Hans., Deckert, Kurt., Mauersberger, Gottfried., Crome, Wolfgang. [Neuausg.], 1. Aufl. Leipzig [u.a.]: Urania-Verl. 1994. ISBN 3332004980. OCLC 61813597.
9. Keller, Laurent. The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Jae C. Choe , Bernard J. Crespi. The Quarterly Review of Biology. March 1998, 73 (1): 110–111. doi:10.1086/420149.

外部連結

• Photo of a madagascar hissing cockroach ootheca （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）