Bí-kok kok chiu ê chhiok-hō lia̍t-toaⁿ

Pún bûn-chiong sī Bí-kok koh chiu kiam Washington, D.C. ê koan-hong chhái-ēng he̍k-chiá thoân-thóng siōng liû-hêng ê "chhiok-hō" lia̍t-toaⁿ.

Lia̍t-toaⁿ

Chho͘-jī sī hiān-sî chhái-ēng ê koan-hong chhiok-hō.

Chiu	Chhiok-hō kap ké-soeh
Alabama (Bô koan-hong chhiok-hō)[1]	Cotton Plantation State[2] – "Mî-hoe Chhân-hn̂g Chiu" Cotton State[3] – "Mî-hoe Chiu" Heart of Dixie[3][4][5] – "Dixie chi Sim", ēng ùi chhia-pâi téng, "Dixie" sī tùi Bí-kok lâm-hng koh chiu ê 1-khoán kiò-hoat Lizard State[2] – "Sì-kha-chôa Chiu" Yellowhammer State[3] – "Yellowhammer" sī chi̍t khoán tok-chhiū-chiáu, ha̍k-miâ Colaptes auratus
Alaska	Land of the Midnight Sun[6] – "Pòaⁿ-mî Ji̍t ê Thó͘-tē" Land of the Noonday Moon[6] – "Tiong-tàu Goe̍h ê Thó͘-tē" The Last Frontier[6][7] – "Chòe-āu Chiân-hong", ēng ùi chhia-pâi téng Seward's Folly[6] – "Seward ê Têng-á", William H. Seward sī í-chá Kok-bū Pō͘-tiúⁿ; "Folly" sī se-iûⁿ hoe-hn̂g chong-sek kiàn-bu̍t Seward's Ice Box, Icebergia, Polaria, Walrussia, kap Johnson's Polar Bear Garden – chia kúi-ê miâ sī khah-chá Bí-kok kok-hōe teh thé-lūn Alaska Siu-bé ê sî-chūn kóng lâi làu-kéng--ê[6]
Arizona	Apache State[8] – "Apache Chiu" Aztec State[8] – "Aztec Chiu" Baby State – "Ang-eⁿ-á Chiu", in-ūi Arizona sī Bí-kok sio-liân pō͘-hūn lāi siang bóe siat--ê[8] Copper State[8] – "Tâng-á Chiu" Grand Canyon State[8] – "Grand Canyon]] Chiu", 2011 nî khai-sí ēng tī chhia-pâi téng.[9] Italy of America[8] – "Bí-kok ê Italia" Sand Hill State – "Soa-lūn Chiu"[8] Sunset State – "Ji̍t-lo̍h Chiu"[8] Sweetheart State – chiàu ē-chi̍t hāng ké-soeh[8] Valentine State – "Chêng-jîn-chiat Chiu", Arizona tī 1912 nî 2 goe̍h 14 siat chiu[8]
Arkansas	Bear State[10] – "Hîm Chiu" Bowie State[10] – "Bowie" sī chi̍t khoán to-á Hot Springs State[10] – "Un-chôaⁿ Chiu" Land of Opportunity[10], chìn-chêng sī koan-hong chhiok-hō, pat ēng tī chhia-pâi téng The Natural State[10] – "Chū-jiân chi Chiu", ēng ùi chhia-pâi téng[11] Razorback State[10] – "Soaⁿ-ti Chiu" Toothpick State[10] – "Té-to Chiu" Wonder State[10] – "Put-su-gī chi Chiu"
California	El Dorado State[12] – "El Dorado" sī thoân-soat ê "n̂g-kim-siâⁿ" The Golden State[13][14] – "N̂g-kim chi Chiu", ēng tī chhia-pâi
Colorado	Buffalo Plains State[15] – "Iá-gû Pêⁿ-po͘ Chiu", bô koh leh ēng Centennial State[16] – "Pah-chiu-nî Chiu", Colorado sī Bí-kok chhiam-tēng To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân liáu-āu chi̍t pah tang chiu-nî ê sî sin siat--ê. Colorful Colorado[16] – kha-chá ēng tī chhia-pâi Columbine State[17] – "Columbine" sī chi̍t khoán chāi-tē hoe chéng Highest State[15] – "Chòe-koân-ê Chiu" Lead State[15] – "O͘-iân Chiu", bô koh leh ēng Mother of Rivers[18] – "Hô-chhoan chi Bú" Rocky Mountain Empire[19] – "Rocky Soaⁿ Tè-kok", bô koh leh ēng Rocky Mountain State[20] – "Rocky Soaⁿ Chiu", bô koh leh ēng Silver State[15] – "Gîn-á Chiu", bô koh leh ēng Ski Country USA[21] – "Bí-kok Ku̍t-seh Kūn" Switzerland of America[22] – "Bí-kok ê Sūi-se", bô koh leh ēng
Connecticut	Constitution State[23] – "Hiàn-hoat Chiu", ēng tī chhia-pâi téng Nutmeg State[12] Blue Law State[12] Freestone State[12] Land of Steady Habits[12]
Delaware	Chemical Capital of the World[24] – "Sè-kài Hià-ha̍k Siú-to͘", in-ūi chē keng hòa-ha̍k kong-si ê chóng-pō͘ ùi chia Corporate Capital – "Kong-si Siú-to͘", in-ūi chit chiu tùi seng-lí khì-gia̍p ê iu-thāi[24] Diamond State – "Soān-chio̍h Chiu", Thomas Jefferson kóng--ê, ì-sū kong sió-sió m̄-koh chin ū kè-ta̍t[25] Blue Hen State ia̍h Blue Hen Chicken State – "Blue Hen" sī chi̍t khoán ke-á phín-chéng[26] The First State[24][27] – "Thâu-chi̍t Chiu", Delaware sī siāng chá thong-kòe Bí-kok Hiàn-hoat--ê, chit-ê miâ ēng ùi chhia-pâi téng Peach State – "Thô-á Chiu"[24] Small Wonder[24] – "Sió Kî-chek"
Washington, D.C.	Nation's Capital[28] – "Kok-ka ê Siú-hú" DMV[28] – "District - Maryland - Virginia" ê ì-sù.
Florida	Alligator State[29] Everglade State[29] Flower State[29] Gulf State[29] Orange State[29] Peninsula State or Peninsular State[26] Sunshine State–  ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Georgia	Peach State[30] –  ēng ùi chhia-pâi Cracker State — khó-lêng lâi-chū kiò chò "crackers" ê î-bîn.[31] Empire State of the South[32] Yankee-land of the South[33] Goober State — "Thô͘-tāu Chiu"[34] State of Adventure – ēng tī kong-lō͘ ê hoan-êng khang-páng
Hawaii	Aloha State – koaⁿ-hong tēng ê thong-sio̍k ("popular") hō-miâ[35], ēng tī chhia-pâi.[36] Paradise of the Pacific[36] Pineapple State[36] Rainbow State[37] Youngest State[36] 808 State[38][39]
Idaho	Gem State[40] Gem of the Mountains[41] Spud State[42] Little Ida – ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Illinois[43]	Land of Lincoln[44]–  ēng ùi chhia-pâi Prairie State[44] Corn State[44] Garden of the West[44]
Indiana	Hoosier State[45] Land of the Corn
Iowa	Hawkeye State[46]
Kansas	Wheat State – í-chêng ēng ùi chhia-pâi Home of Beautiful Women[47] – "Súi cha-bó͘ chi hiong" Central State[12] Sunflower State[12]
Kentucky	Bluegrass State – ēng ùi chhia-pâi[48] Corn-cracker State (reported in 1881)[26] The Dark and Bloody Ground State (an allusion to battles between the Creek, Shawnee, Chickasaw, and Cherokee tribes)[48] Hemp State[48] Tobacco State[48]
Louisiana	Creole State[12] Pelican State[12] Sportsman's Paradise – "Ūn-tōng-oân ê Lo̍k-hn̂g", ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Maine	Vacationland – ēng ùi chhia-pâi Pine Tree State[49] (Co-official with Vacationland) Lumber State[12]
Maryland	America in Miniature[50] Chesapeake State[51] Cockade State[51] Free State[52] Monumental State[51] Old Line State[51] Oyster State[51] Queen State[51] Terrapin State[53]
Massachusetts	Baked Bean State[54] Codfish State (formerly represented on license plates by a codfish) The Bay State[54] Old Colony State[55] Pilgrim State[54] The Spirit of America – ēng ùi chhia-pâi The People's Republic of Massachusetts (colloquial) Taxachusetts (colloquial)[56][57][58][59][60]
Michigan	The Great Lakes State – í-chêng ēng tī chhia-pâi Winter Water Wonderland - "Kôaⁿ-thiⁿ ê Chúi Sian-kài", chìn-chêng ēng ùi chhia-pâi the Wolverine State[61]
Minnesota	Gopher State[12] Land of 10,000 Lakes – chhia-pâi ēng "10,000 Lakes" New England of the West[12] North Star State State of Hockey[62] Bread and Butter State[12]
Mississippi	Hospitality State – í-chêng ēng tī chhia-pâi Magnolia State The Birthplace of America's Music – ēng tī chhia-pâi The Bayou State[12]
Missouri	Bullion State[12] Puke State[63] Show-Me State – ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Montana	Big Sky Country – hiān-sî ēng ùi chhia-pâi The Last Best Place[64] Treasure State – chìn-chêng ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Nebraska	Beef State – chìn-chêng ēng ùi chhia-pâi Cornhusker State - chìn-chêng ēng ùi chhia-pâi[65] Bugeating State[66] Blackwater State[12] The Good Life – ēng-tī pian-kài khâng-páng
Nevada	Battle Born State – Lōa-chiàn sî-kî ka-ji̍p liân-pang Sagebrush State Silver State – "Gîn-á Chiu", ēng ùi chhia-pâi
New Hampshire	Granite State[67] The Live Free or Die State – koaⁿ-hong ê piau-gí Mother of Rivers[67] – "Kang-hô chi Bú" White Mountain State[67]
New Jersey	Garden State – ēng ùi chhia-pâi The Crossroads of the Revolution – pat ēng tī chhia-pâi téng
New Mexico	Cactus State[68]Pang-bô͘:Failed verification Land of Enchantment[69] – ēng ùi chhia-pâi Land of Sunshine (predates "Land of Enchantment"; this earlier nickname highlighted the large percentage of sunshine received statewide)[68] New Andalusia[68]Pang-bô͘:Failed verification
New York	Empire State – ēng ùi chhia-pâi[12] Excelsior State[12]
North Carolina	Old North State[70] Tar Heel State[70] Turpentine State[71] Variety Vacationland[72] First in Flight State – ēng ùi chhia-pâi
North Dakota	Flickertail State – "Flickertail" sī chi̍t khoán phòng-chhí Peace Garden State –  ēng ùi chhia-pâi Rough Rider State Sioux State
Ohio	Buckeye State[26] Birthplace of Aviation[73] – ēng ùi chhia-pâi The Heart Of It All[74] (pat ēng tī chhia-pâi téng)
Oklahoma	Native America – ēng ùi chhia-pâi Sooner State[75] – "Sooners" sī tùi khá-chá chi̍t tīn khui-khún-chiá ê chheng-ho͘.
Oregon	Beaver State Pacific Wonderland[76] – ē-tàng hông ēng tī chhia-pâi Webfoot State[12]
Pennsylvania	Keystone State[26] – pat ēng tī chhia-pâi téng. Toll Booth State[77]
Rhode Island	Little Rhody[26] Ocean State – ēng ùi chhia-pâi
South Carolina	Palmetto State[26] Sandlapper State Iodine Products State[78] – bat ēng tī chhia-pâi téng, bô koh leh ēng.
South Dakota	Artesian State[79] Blizzard State[79] Coyote State[79] The Mount Rushmore State[80] 1980 nî chhái-ēng.[79] Sunshine State[79]
Tennessee	Big Bend State[81] – chí Tennessee Hô Butternut State[81] — chí lōe-chiàn sî-kî pún-chiu peng-á chè-ho̍k ê sek-tī. Hog and Hominy State[81] The Mother of Southwestern Statesmen[81] Volunteer State[81] – ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Texas	Friendship State[82] Lone Star State[26][82] – ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Utah	Beehive State Mormon State[83] Friendly State[84] – pat ìn tī chhia-pâi téng.
Vermont	Green Mountain State[26] – ēng ùi chhia-pâi
Virginia	Mother of Presidents[12] Mother of States[12] The Old Dominion[26] The Commonwealth
Washington	Evergreen State[85] — "Siông-le̍k Chiu", hiān-sî ēng tī chhia-pâi
West Virginia	Mountain State – "Soaⁿ Chiu", pat ēng tī chhia-pâi Panhandle State[12]
Wisconsin (Bô koaⁿ-hong chhiok-hō)[86]	Badger State[12] – "Badger" sī chi̍t lūi Tiau-kho tōng-bu̍t America's Dairyland[87][88][86] – "Bí-kok ê Leng-sán chi tē", ēng ùi chhia-pâi téng The Copper State[89][90] – "Tâng Chiu", le̍k-sú sèng--ê. The Forward State – "Chiân-hong Chiu", in-ê phiau-gú (motto) sī "Forward"
Wyoming	Cowboy State – "Cowboy" sī Bí-kok chi̍t khoán choan-bûn khiâ-bé kò͘-gû ê lâng Equality State – "Pêng-téng Chiu" Forever West – ēng ùi kong-lō͘ hoan-gêng pâi-á téng

Chham-khó

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2. Introduction to Alabama, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
3. "Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors". Alabama Department of Archives & History. 2006-04-20. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-12-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-03-18 khòaⁿ--ê. Alabama does not have an official nickname.
4. "Heart of Dixie". Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors. Alabama Department of Archives & History. 2004-06-29. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-12-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-03-18 khòaⁿ--ê.
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9. Ariz. HB 2549 Archived 2012-07-29 at archive.ph Error: unknown archive URL
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11. Arkansas § 1-4-106 - State nickname Retrieved Feb. 28, 2011
12.  Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Colby, F. M., pian. (1905). "States, Popular Names of". New International Encyclopedia (1st pán.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
13. California Government Code Section 420.75 Retrieved Feb. 28, 2011
14. "State Symbols". California State Library. State of California. goân-loē-iông tī 2019-01-05 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
15. "Colorado". NetState.com. NState, LLC. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê.
16. "Colorado State Name and Nicknames". Colorado State Symbols & Emblems. State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê.
17. "Colorado State Flower". Colorado State Symbols & Emblems. State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê.
18. "Colorado Water History" (asp). Colorado Historical Society. 2007-11-29 khòaⁿ--ê.
19. Denver, Colorado
20. "Colorado". USAtourist.com. USATourist. goân-loē-iông tī 2010-04-10 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê.
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26. Barry Popik, Smoky City, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005
27. Delaware Code Title 29 Section 318 retrieved on February 28, 2011
28. Farhi, Paul. (2010, July 30). After initial obscurity, 'The DMV' nickname for Washington area picks up speed. Washington Post. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
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30. "Quick Facts: State Symbols". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. goân-loē-iông tī 2013-05-14 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê.
31. "Folklife: Customs and Local Traditions". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. goân-loē-iông tī 2012-10-09 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê.
32. "History & Archaeology: Antebellum Industrialization". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. goân-loē-iông tī 2013-04-05 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê.
33. "Georgia". State Flags Flowers Birds Symbols and Emblems State Quarters Geography and Maps Newspapers History and Economy for the 50 States. NetState. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê.
34. "Land & Resources: Peanuts". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-08-05 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê.
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38. 808 State Frequently Asked Questions: Where did 808 State get their name from? Archived 2016-08-18 at the Wayback Machine., 808 State Official Website.
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42. "SuperPages: Idaho History". goân-loē-iông tī 2018-12-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 2008-03-21 khòaⁿ--ê.
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61. Holland, Meegan (15 March 2010). "Death of Michigan's only Wolverine brings up question: Why are we still the Wolverine State?". MLive. 14 September 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
62. Jess Myers, Hockey roots run deep in Minnesota, ESPN.com, February 10, 2004
63. Riverfront Times, January 10, 2012
64. In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List New York Times, August 17, 2008; Retrieved February 28, 2011
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67. "New Hampshire Almanac >Fast New Hampshire Facts". State of New Hampshire official website. October 12, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.
68. New Mexico Symbols, State Names^{[íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat]}, SHG Resources website, accessed July 7, 2008
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71. "Why We are Called Tar Heels". UNC Libraries. 2008-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
72. Variety Vacationland Postcard Exhibit Retrieved February 28, 2011.
73. "It's official: Ohio IS the birthplace of aviation". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 2003-06-14. 2007-04-06 khòaⁿ--ê.
74. Elkins, Keith A. (2011). Mr. E. 2003: Manifest Lessons from Ohio's Bicentennial Celebration. iUniverse. p. 293.
75. "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Fourth of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-26. 2009-01-04 khòaⁿ--ê.
76. "Oregon's license plate from 1960 to circa 1966". Plate Shack. 2007-07-12 khòaⁿ--ê.
77. "Turnpikes and Toll Roads in Nineteenth Century America". goân-loē-iông tī 2018-12-24 hőng khó͘-pih. 8 November 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.
78. "Iodine". South Carolina Encyclopedia. 2007-04-14. goân-loē-iông tī 2006-05-19 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-04-06 khòaⁿ--ê.
79. South Dakota Symbols, State Names Archived 2013-06-16 at the Wayback Machine., SHG Resources website, accessed July 7, 2008
80. "South Dakota Laws 1-6-16.5". goân-loē-iông tī 2013-11-05 hőng khó͘-pih. November 4, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.
81. Tennessee Symbols and Honors, in Tennessee Blue Book
82. "Texas:Facts, Map, and State Symbols". EnchantedLearing.com. 2008-03-09 khòaⁿ--ê.
83. "NetState: Utah". 2008-03-24 khòaⁿ--ê.
84. "State it on a plate — Over the years, slogans, designs have taken some poetic license". Deseret News.
85. "Symbols of Washington State". Washington State Legislature. 2012-08-16 khòaⁿ--ê.
86. "Wisconsin State Symbols Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine." in Wisconsin Blue Book 2005-2006, p. 966. Wisconsin has no Official nickname.
87. Dornfeld, Margaret; Hantula, Richard (2010). Wisconsin: It's my state!. Marshall Cavendish. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-60870-062-2.
88. Urdang, Laurence (1988). Names and Nicknames of Places and Things. Penguin Group USA,. p. 8. ISBN 9780452009073. "America's Dairyland" A nickname of Wisconsin
89. Kane, Joseph Nathan; Alexander, Gerard L. (1979). Nicknames and sobriquets of U.S. cities, States, and counties. Scarecrow Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780810812550. Wisconsin - America's Dairyland, The Badger State ... The Copper State ...
90. Herman, Jennifer L. (2008). Wisconsin Encyclopedia, American Guide. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 10. ISBN 9781878592613. Nicknames Wisconsin is generally known as The Badger State, or America's Dairyland, although in the past it has been nicknamed The Copper State.

Siong-koan

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