小松快禪（生歿年不詳，推估為元文年間生，寬政年間歿[參1]），亦有作快全的紀錄[參2][參3]。生於日本加賀國能美郡小松，日本江戶時代僧人，十八世紀後半期著名的業餘棋豪，棋力五段，以「快禪的大塗牆」、「人鬼對局」聞名於世[參2][參4]。
生平
快禪為江戶增上寺的僧侶，常與本因坊家來往[註1]。1757年馬場文耕出版的《當世武野俗談》即提到「常住於江戶的圍棋名人，增上寺快全是得到今世圍棋之妙的人。」，可見當時快禪就已聞名於世[參3]。當時曾有著名賭棋人「上州本因坊」源五郎，靠着賭棋賺得三千兩金，購田置地成為一時的富豪[註2]，棋力與當代二三段棋士不相上下；而快禪曾化名玉山，與之讓先對弈兩局獲勝，因此快禪也被稱為當時賭棋第一人[參2]。
1778年與六段的本因坊家跡目烈元讓先下了十局；由於快禪為業餘棋士，使用了許多非正規下法，而烈元背負棋四家之首本因坊家跡目之名，受到較大的壓力影響而施展不開，最後兩人各勝五局[參6][參7]。後來棋力升到五段[參2][參1]，其棋譜散落在當代業餘棋手打譜集《當流碁經類聚》[參8]、《當流續撰碁經》[參9]、《素人名手碁經拾遺》[參10]等。
生涯名局
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此事記在林元美所著《爛柯堂碁話》，為極有名的圍棋野史。寶曆年間上野國廄橋的近藤佐司馬為了成婚需要出人頭地，因此選擇去江戶拜於本因坊門下，以獲得段位證書衣錦還鄉。途中宿於熊谷縣，於客棧中見當地兩富豪賭棋，兩富豪旁各站一人偷打暗號幫忙，稍不留神其中一人作弊偷子，被佐司馬發現而告知，因而導致雙方大打出手；佐司馬逃出後，在別處又遇到打暗號的其中一人，才知道是小松快禪，而另一打暗號的人為源五郎、佐司馬與快禪現場對弈一局，未弈畢而打掛[參14][參5][參4]。
後佐司馬到江戶，然本因坊為名門，佐司馬不得其門而入，只得自行與當地高手研究練習；三年後透過介紹又遇到快禪，被快禪讓二子連勝兩局；後又被井上春碩因碩（七段）讓四子獲勝，受到因碩的大力稱讚；由於故鄉來信，希望佐司馬回鄉，因此佐司馬向因碩要求段位證書，因碩表示如果佐司馬與快禪不讓子對弈獲勝，就授予三段證書；但當時本因坊家與井上家為世仇，快禪不願意幫因碩的忙，最後佐司馬落魄無段回鄉[參14][參5][參4]。
隔幾年，佐司馬拜訪快禪，希望把當初打掛的棋局下完；此棋局為少見的從頭殺到尾，最後快禪四目勝，並稱讚佐司馬棋力大增。幾天後佐司馬好友來訪，並告知佐司馬去世，遺囑希望骨灰放於該寺，而去世該日竟為對局當日，因此此局被稱作「人鬼對局」[參14][參5][參4]。
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[註4]此為1778年快禪讓橫關伊保二子的棋譜，最後永久打掛；《坐隠談叢》寫橫關伊保為史上第一位獲得段位證書的女流棋士（於隔年獲初段）[參2][參15][參16]。
註解
參考資料
外部連結
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