費爾南多·佩索亞(葡萄牙語:Fernando Pessoa,1888年6月13日—1935年11月30日),生於里斯本,是葡萄牙詩人與作家。 他生前以詩集《使命》而聞名於世。 他被認為是繼路易·德賈梅士之後最偉大的葡語作家。文評家卜倫在他的作品《西方正典》形容為他是與諾貝爾獎得主巴勃魯·聶魯達最能夠代表二十世紀的詩人。在2007年票選最偉大的葡萄牙人(英語:Os Grandes Portugueses)中,他排名第八。
他在文學上以「創造」性格聞名,我們稱這種寫作手法為「異名」(Heteronímia)。各個「異名者」(heterónimos)有着不同的閱歷、性格與人生哲學。異名者與作者「自我」之間常常互通書信,交流思想。在眾多角色中,以「自我」加上另外三個「異名者」最為成熟及最廣為人知。三個「異名者」分別是 Álvaro de Campos、Ricardo Reis 和 Alberto Caeiro。在他們當中,「自我」通常都是最能夠帶出真理、存在及個性等深層哲學意義的角色。
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