卡斯提略金字塔(西班牙語:El Castillo,意為「城堡」)位於尤卡坦半島瑪雅遺跡奇琴伊察的中心,建造於11至13世紀之間,為祭祀羽蛇神的神廟。金字塔的四面樓梯都是91階,但若金字塔頂端的神廟如果也算成一階的話,卡斯提略金字塔總共有365階,每一階就代表哈布曆(Haab',瑪雅曆的其中一種)的每一天。

Quick Facts 地點, 座標 ...
卡斯提略金字塔
El Castillo
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地點
座標20°40′58″N 88°34′07″W
建造時間8—12世紀
類型中部美洲英語Mesoamerican pyramids台階金字塔英語Step pyramid
材料石灰岩
高度24米(79英尺)(未算入神廟)
30米(98英尺)(未算入神廟) 神廟(19英尺)
基座55.3米(181英尺)
斜率37°29'44"
47º19'50"
位置 墨西哥尤卡坦州蒂努姆市英語Tinúm Municipality
隸屬奇琴伊察
標準文化:(i)(ii)(iii)
參考編碼483
登錄年份1988年(第12屆會議
座標20°40′58.4″N 88°34′7.0″W
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卡斯提略金字塔
卡斯提略金字塔在墨西哥的位置
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卡斯提略金字塔
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位於卡斯提略金字塔階梯底部的羽蛇神頭像

春分秋分的日出日落時,金字塔的拐角在北面的階梯上投下羽蛇神狀的陰影,並隨着太陽的位置在金字塔的北面移動。卡斯提略金字塔高24公尺,塔頂神廟高六公尺,基座長約為55.3公尺。金字塔總共有九層,與瑪雅的宇宙觀相同。

參考文獻

  • Coe, Michael D. The Maya. Ancient peoples and places series 6th, fully revised and expanded. London and New York: Thames & Hudson英語Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 0-500-28066-5. OCLC 59432778.
  • Milbrath, Susan. Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. The Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin: University of Texas Press英語University of Texas Press. 1999. ISBN 0-292-75225-3. OCLC 40848420.
  • Šprajc, Ivan, and Pedro Francisco Sánchez Nava (2013). Astronomía en la arquitectura de Chichén Itzá: una reevaluación. Estudios de Cultura Maya XLI: p. 31–60.
  • Willard, T.A. Kukulcan, the Bearded Conqueror : New Mayan Discoveries. Hollywood, CA: Murray and Gee. 1941. OCLC 3491500.
  • Gray, Richard. "Sacred Sinkhole Discovered 1,000-year-old-Mayan-Temple-Eventually-Destroy-Pyramid." Science & tech August 17, 2015. Dailymail. Web. August 17, 2015.
  • Justice, Adam. "Scientists discover sacred sinkhole cave under Chichen Itza pyramid." Science (2015). Ibtimes. Web. August 14, 2015.
  • Juárez-Rodríguez, O., Argote-Espino D., Santos-Ramírez, M., & López-García, P. (2017). Portable XRF analysis for the identification of raw materials of the Red Jaguar sculpture in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Quaternary International, Quaternary International.
  • Tejero-Andrade, A., Argote-Espino, D., Cifuentes-Nava, G., Hernández-Quintero, E., Chávez, R.E., & García-Serrano, A. (2018). ‘Illuminating’ the interior of Kukulkan's Pyramid, Chichén Itzá, Mexico, by means of a non-conventional ERT geophysical survey. Journal of Archaeological Science, 90, 1-11.
  • Wren, L., Kristan-Graham, C., Nygard, T., & Spencer, K. R. (2018). Landscapes of the Itza : Archaeology and art history at Chichen Itza and neighboring sites. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

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