亞歷山大·瓦西里耶維奇·蘇沃洛夫(俄語:Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров;1730年11月24日—1800年5月18日),是18世紀的俄羅斯將軍,曾獲封為俄羅斯大元帥、陸軍元帥、王公;神聖羅馬帝國元帥、伯爵;薩丁尼亞王國大元帥、親王;意大利親王與雷姆尼克伯爵。他被視為是俄羅斯歷史上最偉大的軍事將領,也是一位出色的軍事理論家,在漫長的軍事生涯中從未遭受重大失利。
蘇沃洛夫在七年戰爭與巴爾聯盟戰爭中表現出色,晉升為將軍,之後在1768年的俄土戰爭中數次擊敗鄂圖曼軍隊。1783年他晉升為步兵上將,在接下來的俄土戰爭中贏得奧恰基夫、金伯恩、福克沙尼、雷姆尼克、伊茲梅爾等戰。1794年他率軍鎮壓波蘭柯斯丘什科起義,在普拉加戰役後迫使華沙投降。第二次反法同盟期間,他被封為陸軍元帥和奧俄聯軍總司令,在贏得卡薩諾、特雷比亞、諾維戰役後,幾乎將法軍趕出意大利,但隨着法國將軍馬塞納在蘇黎世的勝利,蘇沃洛夫被迫透過一場艱苦的行軍逃脫法軍的包圍圈。1800年5月18日,他在俄羅斯聖彼得堡去世。
註腳
參考文獻
- Longworth, Philip. 1965. The Art of Victory. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston
- J.F. Anthing, Versuch einer Kriegsgeschichte des Grafen Suworow (Gotha, 1796–1799)
- Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3025-7
- Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3034-9
- Macready, Edward Nevil. A sketch of Suwarow and his last campaign : with observations on Mr. Alison's opinion of the Archduke Charles as a military critic, and a few objections to certain military statements in Mr. Alison's History of Europe. London: Smith, Elder. 1851.
- G. von Fuchs, Suworows Korrespondenz, 1799 (Glogau, 1835)
- Von Reding-Biberegg, Der Zug Suworows durch die Schweiz (Zürich 1896)
- F. von Smut, Suworows Leben und Heerzüge (Vilna, 1833–1834) and Suworow and Polens Untergang (Leipzig, 1858,)
- Lieut.-Colonel Spalding, Suvorof (London, 1890)
- Souvorov en Italie by Gachot, Masséna's biographer (Paris, 1903)
- The standard Russian biographies of Polevoi (1853; Ger. trans., Mitau, 1853); Rybkin (Moscow, 1874), Vasiliev (Vilna, 1899), Meshcheryakov and Beskrovnyi (Moscow, 1946), and Osipov (Moscow, 1955).
- The Russian examinations of his martial art, by Bogolyubov (Moscow, 1939) and Nikolsky (Moscow, 1949).
- "1799 le baionette sagge" by Marco Galandra and Marco Baratto (Pavia, 1999).
- "SUVOROV – La Campagna Italo-Svizzera e la liberazione di Torino nel 1799" by Maria Fedotova ed. Pintore (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (Torino, 2004).
- Peter Paret, Gordon A. Craig, Felix Gilbert. Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton University Press, 1986.
- K. Osipov. Alexander Suvorov. A Biography. London, 1944.
外部連結
- Alexander V. Suvorov: Russian Field Marshal, 1729-1800
- Speed, Assessment, and Hitting Power: Suvorov's Art of Victory
- Suvorov military museum in Saint Petersburg(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Suvorov's home and family
- Suvorov - the one man who could have stopped Bonaparte
- Aleksandr Suvorov: Count of Rymniksky and Prince of Italy(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
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