堇菜屬(學名:Viola),堇菜科下的一屬,約400~500種,分佈於全世界,主產地在北溫帶,此外在夏威夷、大洋洲以及南美洲安第斯山脈亦有分佈。大多為多年生草本,少數為一年生或灌木。
堇菜屬 | |
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香堇菜 | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
演化支: | 薔薇類植物 Rosids |
目: | 金虎尾目 Malpighiales |
科: | 堇菜科 Violaceae |
屬: | 堇菜屬 Viola L., 1753 |
種 | |
見正文 | |
異名 | |
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屬名Viola源於拉丁語viola,即堇菜,這個詞常被誤譯成紫羅蘭,因此容易與上項混淆。例如用於製作「紫羅蘭香水」的「紫羅蘭」實際上是香堇菜。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種:[1]
- Viola abbreviata J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- 埃塞俄比亞堇菜 Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv.
- Viola acanthophylla Leyb. ex Reiche
- Viola acanthophylla Leyb., 1873
- Viola accrescens Klokov
- Viola acrocerauniensis Erben
- 雞腿堇菜 Viola acuminata Ledeb.
- 尖葉堇菜 Viola acutifolia (Kar. & Kir.) W.Becker
- 岩生堇菜 Viola adenothrix Hayata
- Viola adunca Sm.
- Viola adunca var. adunca × Viola labradorica Linnaeus
- Viola aethnensis (Ging.) Strobl
- Viola aethnensis Parl.
- 埃托利亞堇菜 Viola aetolica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Viola affinis Leconte
- Viola aguilaris Sennen & Gonzalo
- Viola aizoon Reiche
- 帕米爾堇菜 Viola alaica Vved.
- Viola alba Besser
- Viola alba × collina
- Viola alba × hirta
- Viola alba × odorata
- Viola alba × hirta
- Viola alba × odorata
- 朝鮮堇菜 Viola albida Palib.
- Viola alburnica Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola alexandrowiana (W.Becker) Juz.
- Viola alexejana Kamelin & Junussov
- Viola algida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
- Viola algida Kunth ex Schult.
- Viola allchariensis Beck
- Viola alliariifolia Nakai
- Viola allionii Hegetschw.
- Viola allochroa Botsch.
- Viola alpestris Hegetschw.
- 高山堇菜 Viola alpina Jacq.
- 阿爾泰堇菜 Viola altaica KerGawl.
- 奄美堇菜 Viola amamiana Hatus.
- Viola amani Post
- Viola ambigua Barceló
- Viola ambigua Waldst. & Kit.
- Viola amiatina Ricceri & Moraldo
- 額穆爾堇菜 Viola amurica
- Viola anagae Gilli
- Viola andersonii Greene
- Viola andina W.Becker
- Viola andrasovszkyi Jávorka, 1921
- Viola angkae Craib
- Viola angustifolia Phil.
- Viola anisopetala Greene
- Viola anitae J.M.Watson
- 越南堇菜 Viola annamensis Baker fil.
- Viola anodonta Greene
- Viola anomala Kit. ex Colla
- 阿波山堇菜 Viola apoensis Elmer
- Viola araucaniae W.Becker
- Viola arborescens L.
- Viola arcuata Blume
- Viola argenteria Moraldo & Forneris
- 阿根廷堇菜 Viola argentina W.Becker
- Viola argentinensis Speg.
- Viola arguta Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Viola arguta Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
- Viola arsenica Beck
- 野生堇菜 Viola arvensis Murray
- Viola arvensis × cornuta
- Viola arvensis × tricolor
- Viola arvensis × wittrockiana
- Viola arvensoides Strobl
- Viola athois W.Becker
- Viola atropurpurea Leyb.
- Viola aurantiaca Leyb.
- Viola aurata Phil.
- Viola auricolor Skottsb.
- 具耳堇菜 Viola auriculata Leyb.
- 華南堇菜 Viola austrosinensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- 滇南堇菜 Viola austroyunnanensis Y.S. Chen, 2023[2]
- Viola awagatakensis T.Yamaz., I.Ito & Ageishi
- Viola babunensis Erben
- Viola bakeri Greene
- Viola balansae Gagnep.
- Viola balcanica Delip.
- 鹽源堇菜 Viola bambusetorum
- Viola bangii Rusby
- 積雪草葉堇菜 Viola banksii K.R.Thiele & Prober
- 寶山堇菜 Viola baoshanensis W.S.Shu, W.Liu & C.Y.Lan
- Viola barhalensis G.Knoche & Marcussen
- Viola barkalovii Bezd.
- Viola barroetana W.Schaffn.
- Viola barroetana W.Schaffn. ex Hemsl.
- Viola baxteri House
- Viola beamanii Calderón
- Viola beati J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola beckeriana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola beckiana Fiala
- Viola beckiana Fiala ex Beck
- Viola beckwithii A.Heller
- Viola beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray
- Viola beckwithii × utahensis
- 槍葉堇菜 Viola belophylla Boissieu
- Viola bertolonii Pio
- Viola besseri Rupr.
- 戟葉堇菜 Viola betonicifolia Sm.
- 不丹堇菜 Viola bhutanica Hara
- 雙色堇菜 Viola bicolor Pursh
- 雙花堇菜 Viola biflora L.
- Viola biflora var. carlottae × Viola glabella
- Viola bilczensis Blocki
- Viola binayensis Okamoto & K.Ueda
- Viola bissetii Maxim.
- Viola biturigensis Boreau ex Déségl.
- Viola blanda Schott
- Viola blanda Willd.
- Viola blandaeformis Nakai, 1925
- Viola blaxlandii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola bocquetiana Yild.
- 姫深山堇菜 Viola boissieuana Makino
- 玻利維亞堇菜 Viola boliviana Britton
- Viola bornmuelleri Erben
- Viola bourgaei Rouy
- 興安圓葉堇菜 Viola brachyceras
- Viola brachypetala Gay
- 短葉堇菜 Viola brachyphylla W.Becker
- Viola brevicaulis Raeusch.
- 短花堇菜 Viola breviflora Jungsim Lee & M.Kim
- Viola brevistipulata (Fr. & Sav.) W.Becker
- Viola bridgesii Britton
- Viola brittoniana Pollard
- Viola brooksii Kellogg
- Viola bruneauniana Bailly
- Viola bubanii Timb.-Lagr.
- Viola buchteinii Gand.
- Viola buchtienii Gand.
- 鱗莖堇菜 Viola bulbosa Maxim.
- Viola bungeana Rupr.
- Viola bustillosia Gay
- Viola caflishii Woerl.
- Viola calabra (A.Terracc.) Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola calamaria Steud.
- 距瓣堇菜 Viola calcarata L.
- Viola calcarata Sm., 1806
- Viola calchaquiensis W.Becker
- 喜鈣堇菜 Viola calcicola R.A.McCauley & H.E.Ballard
- Viola calderensis W.Becker
- Viola caleyana G.Don
- Viola californica Greene
- Viola calthifolia Poir.
- 闊紫葉堇菜 Viola cameleo H.Boissieu
- 加拿大堇菜 Viola canadensis L.
- 灰堇菜 Viola canescens Wall. ex Roxb.
- 犬堇菜 Viola canina L.
- Viola canobarbata Leyb.
- Viola capillaris Pers.
- Viola cardaminifolia Greene, 1901
- Viola caspia (Rupr.) Freyn
- Viola cassinensis Strobl
- Viola castillonii (W.Becker) Xifreda & Sanso
- 高加索堇菜 Viola caucasica (Rupr.) Kolen. ex Juz.
- Viola caucasica Kolen.
- Viola caucasica Kolen. ex Rupr.
- Viola cazorlensis Gand.
- Viola cenisia L.
- Viola centellifolia Greene
- Viola cephalonica Bornm.
- Viola cerasifolia A.St.-Hil.
- Viola cervatiana Ricceri & Moraldo
- 南山堇菜 Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W.Becker
- Viola chamaedrys Leyb.
- Viola chamissoniana Ging.
- 張氏堇菜 Viola changii J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
- Viola charlestonensis M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen ex Clokey
- Viola charophylloides (Regal) W.Becker
- Viola chassanica Kork.
- Viola cheelooi Jacot Guill.
- Viola cheeseana J.M.Watson
- Viola cheiranthifolia Humb. & Bonpl.
- Viola cheiranthifolia Kunth
- Viola chejuensis Y.N.Lee & Y.C.Oh
- Viola chelmea Boiss. & Heldr.
- Viola chiapasiensis W.Becker
- Viola chinoi
- Viola christii F.O.Wolf
- Viola christii W.Wolf
- Viola cilentana Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola cilicica Contandr. & Quézel
- Viola ciliolata Schltr.
- Viola cinerea Boiss.
- Viola clarkae A.Nelson, 1912
- Viola clauseniana Baker
- Viola clementiana Boiss.
- Viola cochleata Coincy
- Viola cochranei H.E.Ballard
- 球果堇菜 Viola collina Besser
- Viola collina × hirta
- Viola collina × hirta x odorata
- Viola collina × odorata
- Viola collina × hirta
- Viola collina × odorata
- Viola colubrina Wedd. ex W.Becker
- Viola columnaris Skottsb.
- Viola commersonii DC.
- Viola commersonii DC. ex Ging.
- Viola communis Pollard
- Viola commutata Waisb.
- Viola comollia Massara
- Viola comollia Messara
- Viola concolor E.H.L.Krause
- 心葉堇菜 Viola concordifolia C.J.Wang
- 密葉堇菜 Viola confertifolia Chang
- 短毛堇菜 Viola confusa
- 密花堇菜 Viola congesta Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- Viola congesta Gillies, 1833
- Viola consanguinea Schott
- 角堇菜 Viola cornuta L.
- Viola coronifera W.Becker
- Viola corralensis Phil.
- 科西嘉堇菜 Viola corsica Jord.
- Viola corsica Nyman
- Viola cotyledon Ging.
- 高嶺堇菜 Viola crassa (Makino) Makino
- 厚葉堇菜 Viola crassifolia Fenzl
- Viola crassiuscula Bory
- Viola cryana Gillot
- Viola cuatrecasasii L.B.Sm. & A.Fernández
- Viola cucullata Aiton
- Viola cucullifolia Wender.
- Viola cucullifolia Wender. ex Steud.
- Viola cuicochensis Hieron.
- Viola culminis F.Fen. & Moraldo
- Viola cuneata S.Watson
- Viola cunninghamii Hook.fil.
- Viola curicoensis W.Becker
- Viola curtisiae (L.G.Adams) K.R.Thiele
- Viola curvicalcarata W.Becker & H.Boissieu
- 鄂西堇菜 Viola cuspidifolia W.Becker
- Viola cyathiformis W.Becker
- Viola czemalensis Zuev
- Viola dacica Borbás
- 掌葉堇菜 Viola dactyloides Roem. & Schult.
- Viola dalatensis Gagnep.
- Viola dandoisiorum J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola danielae Pînzaru
- 粗毛葉堇菜 Viola dasyphylla W.Becker
- 深圓齒堇菜 Viola davidii Franch.
- Viola davisiae House
- Viola debilis Pursh
- Viola decipiens Reiche
- Viola declinata Waldst. & Kit.
- Viola decora Formánek
- Viola decumbens L.fil.
- Viola delabordii
- 灰葉堇菜 Viola delavayi Franch.
- Viola delphinantha Boiss.
- Viola demetria Prolongo ex Boiss.
- Viola denarieana Beauverd
- Viola denizliensis O.D.Dücen, Göktürk, U.Sarpkaya & B.Gürcan
- Viola dentriculosa Pollard
- 大葉堇菜 Viola diamantiaca Nakai
- Viola diandra L.
- Viola dichroa Boiss. & A.Huet
- 七星蓮 Viola diffusa Ging. ex DC.
- 光蔓莖堇菜 Viola diffusoides
- 輪葉堇菜 Viola dimorphophylla Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola dioszegiana Borbás
- Viola dirimliensis Blaxland
- Viola dirphya A.Tiniakou
- Viola disjuncta W.Becker
- 裂葉堇菜 Viola dissecta Ledeb.
- 異葉堇菜 Viola diversifolia (Ging.) W.Becker
- Viola doerfleri Degen
- 長距堇菜 Viola dolichoceras
- Viola dombeyana DC. ex Ging.
- Viola domeykoana Gay
- Viola domingensis Urb.
- Viola douglasii Steud.
- Viola dravica Murr
- Viola dubia E.H.L.Krause
- Viola dubyana Burnat ex Gremli
- 紫點堇菜 Viola duclouxii W.Becker
- Viola dukadjinica W.Becker & Kogan.
- Viola dumoulinii Groner
- Viola dyris Maire
- Viola eburnea Gerbault
- Viola ecuadorensis W.Becker
- Viola egglestonii Brainerd
- Viola elata Gueldenst.
- 高堇菜 Viola elatior Fr.
- Viola elatior × pumila
- Viola elatior × pumila
- Viola elatior × riviniana
- Viola elatior × stagnina
- Viola elegantula Greene
- Viola elegantula Schott
- Viola elongata Poir.
- Viola eminens K.R.Thiele & Prober
- Viola eminii (Engl.) Fr.
- Viola eminii (Engl.) R.E.Fr.
- Viola enmae P.Gonzáles
- 溪堇菜 Viola epipsila Ledeb.
- Viola epipsila × palustris
- Viola epirota (Halácsy) Raus
- Viola ermenekensis Yild. & Dinç
- Viola erythraeae Chiov.
- Viola escarapela J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola esculenta Elliott
- Viola etrusca Erben
- Viola euboea (Halácsy) Halácsy
- Viola eucycla Greene
- Viola eugeniae Parl.
- Viola eurybiifolia Greene
- Viola evae Hieron.
- Viola evae Hieron. ex W.Becker
- Viola excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
- Viola exigua Vell.
- 卓越堇菜 Viola eximia Formánek
- Viola exsul J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola farkasiana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- 長梗紫花堇菜 Viola faurieana W.Becker
- Viola fedtschenkoana W.Becker
- Viola ferdinandea Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola ferrarinii Moraldo & Ricceri
- Viola ferreyrae P.Gonzáles
- Viola filicaulis Hook.fil.
- Viola fischeri W.Becker
- 總裂葉堇菜 Viola fissifolia Kitag.
- Viola flagelliformis Hemsl.
- Viola flahaultiana Sennen
- 南美黃堇菜 Viola flavicans Wedd.
- Viola flavida Schur
- Viola flettii Piper
- Viola flos-evae Hieron. ex Hicken, 1922
- Viola flos-idae Hieron.
- Viola fluehmannii Phil.
- Viola fluhmannii Phil.
- Viola fontanesi Coss.
- 台灣堇菜 Viola formosana Hayata
- 羽裂堇菜 Viola forrestiana W.Becker
- Viola forskaalii Greuter
- Viola fragrans Sieber
- Viola frank-smithii N.H.Holmgren
- Viola fraterna Hegetschw.
- Viola fridericae Becker
- Viola friderici W.Beckcr
- 冷地堇菜 Viola frigida Phil.
- 多葉堇菜 Viola frondosa (Velen.) Hayek
- Viola frusinatae Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola frutescens Phil., 1895
- Viola fruticosa W.Becker
- Viola fuscifolia W.Becker
- Viola fuscoviolacea (L.G.Adams) T.A.James
- Viola galeanaensis M.S.Baker
- Viola gan-chouenensis W.Becker
- Viola ganiatsasii Erben
- Viola gaviolii Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola gelida J.M.Watson, M.P.Cárdenas & A.R.Flores
- Viola germainii Sparre
- Viola gibbosa Raf., 1818
- Viola glabella Nutt.
- Viola glacialis Poepp. & Endl.
- Viola glandularis H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.
- Viola glechomoides Leyb.
- 興安堇菜 Viola gmeliniana Roem. & Schult.
- Viola godoyae Phil.
- Viola gracilis Sibth. & Sm.
- Viola gracillima A.St.-Hil.
- Viola graeca (W.Becker) Halácsy
- Viola grahamii Benth.
- Viola granatensis Huter
- Viola grandiflora Griseb.
- 闊萼堇菜 Viola grandisepala W.Becker
- Viola granulosa Wedd.
- Viola grayi Franch. & Sav.
- Viola grisebachiana Vis.
- 紫花堇菜 Viola grypoceras A.Gray
- Viola guadalupensis A.M.Powell & Wauer
- 廣州堇菜 Viola guangzhouensis A.Q.Dong, J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
- 危地馬拉堇菜 Viola guatemalensis W.Becker
- Viola guaxarensis M.Marrero, Docoito Díaz & Martín Esquivel
- Viola hallii A.Gray
- 如意草 Viola hamiltoniana D.Don
- 西山堇菜 Viola hancockii W.Becker
- Viola hastata Michx.
- 常春藤葉堇菜 Viola hederacea Labill.
- 紫葉堇菜 Viola hediniana W.Becker
- Viola heldreichiana Boiss.
- Viola helena C.N.Forbes & Lydgate
- Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate
- Viola helleriana W.Becker
- Viola hemsleyana Calderón
- 巫山堇菜 Viola henryi H.Boissieu
- Viola herminii Rothm.
- 河源堇菜 Viola heyuanensis Y.S.Huang, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan[3]
- Viola herzogii (W.Becker) Bornm.
- Viola heterophylla Muhl.
- Viola hieronymi W.Becker
- Viola hillii W.Becker
- Viola hirsutula Brainerd
- 毛堇菜 Viola hirta L.,硬毛堇菜
- 毛柄堇菜 Viola hirtipes S.Moore
- Viola hispida Lam.
- Viola hissarica Juz.
- Viola holubyi Schur
- 日本球果堇菜 Viola hondoensis W.Becker & Boissieu
- Viola hookeriana Kunth
- 河北堇菜 Viola hopeiensis
- Viola hortensis Rouy & Foucaud
- 光葉堇菜 Viola hossei
- Viola howellii A.Gray
- Viola huesoensis Martic.
- Viola huidobrii Gay
- Viola huidobrii W.Becker
- 惠州堇菜 Viola huizhouensis Y.S.Huang & Q.Fan
- Viola hultenii W.Becker
- Viola humifusa Vuk.
- Viola humilis Kunth
- Viola humillima Sennen
- 湖南堇菜 Viola hunanensis Hand.-Mazz.
- 丹霞堇菜 Viola hybanthoides W.B.Liao & Q.Fan
- Viola hybrida Krock.
- Viola hydrocotyloides J.B.Armstr.
- Viola hymettia Boiss. & Heldr.
- Viola ilvensis (W.Becker) Arrigoni
- Viola improcera L.G.Adams
- Viola improvisa Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola incomparabilis Schur
- 長萼堇菜 Viola inconspicua Blume
- 印度堇菜 Viola indica W.Becker
- Viola ingolensis Elisafenko
- Viola ingrica M.Bieb. ex Rupr.
- Viola inodora Andrz.
- Viola integerrima Spreng.
- Viola intertexta Beck
- Viola ipecacua L.
- Viola irinae Zolot.
- Viola isaurica Contandr. & Quézel
- Viola italica Voigt ex Bailly
- Viola ivonis Erben
- 屋久島堇菜 Viola iwagawae Makino
- Viola iwagawai Makino
- Viola jalapaensis W.Becker
- Viola jalapensis W.Becker
- Viola jangiensis W.Becker
- 日本堇菜 Viola japonica Langsd. ex DC.,犁頭草
- Viola japonica Langsd. ex Ging.
- Viola jaubertiana Marès & Vigin.
- Viola javanica W.Becker
- Viola jeniseensis Zuev
- 井岡山堇菜 Viola jinggangshanensis Z.L.Ning & J.P.Liao
- Viola joergensenii W.Becker
- Viola johnstonii W.Becker
- Viola jooi Janka
- Viola jordanii Hanry
- Viola juressi Link ex Steud., 1821
- Viola kamibayahsii Nakai
- Viola karakalensis Klokov
- Viola karlreicheana Sanso, M.Seo & Xifreda
- Viola kauaensis A.Gray
- Viola kauensis A.Gray
- 日本圓葉堇菜 Viola keiskei Miq.
- Viola kelleri W.Becker
- Viola kermesina W.Becker
- 江西堇菜 Viola kiangsiensis W.Becker
- Viola kiliensis Prahl
- Viola kitaibeliana Schult.
- Viola kitamiana Nakai
- Viola kizildaghensis Dinç & Yild.
- Viola kjellbergii Melch.
- Viola kjellhergii Melch.
- Viola kochii Kirschl.
- Viola kopaonikensis Pancic ex Tomovic & Niketic
- Viola korahinskyi Juz.
- Viola koritnicensis Trinajstic
- Viola korshinskyi Juz., 1949
- 福建堇菜 Viola kosanensis Hayata
- Viola kosaninii (Degen) Hayek
- Viola kosaninii Degen
- Viola kronenburgii W.Becker
- 西藏堇菜 Viola kunawarensis Royle,也拼作:Viola kunawurensis
- Viola kusanoana Makino
- Viola kusnezowiana W.Becker
- 廣東堇菜 Viola kwangtungensis Melch.
- Viola labiosa Sm.
- Viola labradorica Schrank
- Viola lactea Hegetschw.
- Viola lactea Sm.
- 白花堇菜 Viola lactiflora Nakai
- Viola lainzii P.Monts.
- Viola lanaiensis W.Becker
- Viola lanceifolia Schumach. & Thonn.
- Viola lanceolata L.
- Viola lancifolia Steud.
- Viola langeana Valentine
- Viola langsdorffii Fisch. ex DC.
- Viola langsdorfii (Regel) Fisch. ex Ging.
- Viola lanifera W.Becker
- Viola lapeyrousiana (Rouy & Foucaud) A.W.Hill
- Viola largsdorflii Fisch. ex Ging.
- Viola laricicola Marcussen
- Viola latistipula Hemsl.
- Viola latistipulata Hemsl.
- Viola lehmannii W.Becker
- Viola lehmannii W.Becker ex H.E.Ballard & P.Jørg.
- Viola lepidia Jord.
- Viola leyboldiana Phil.
- 蓮花山堇菜 Viola lianhuashanensis
- Viola libanotica Boiss.
- Viola ligustina Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
- Viola lilliputana Iltis & H.E.Ballard
- Viola lilloana W.Becker
- Viola limbarae (Merxm. & W.Lippert) Arrigoni
- Viola linariifolia Vahl
- Viola linguifolia Piper, 1914
- Viola lithion N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren
- Viola livonica Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola llullaillacoensis W.Becker
- 淺裂堇菜 Viola lobata Benth.
- Viola lologensis (W.Becker) J.M.Watson
- Viola longibracteolata P.Gonzales, Ed.Navarro & J.M.Watson, 2022[4]
- Viola longicaulis Krock.
- Viola longipetiolata Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola losae Pau
- 亮毛堇菜 Viola lucens W.Becker
- Viola lungtungensis S.S.Ying
- 黃堇菜 Viola lutea Huds.
- Viola lyallii Hook.fil.
- Viola macedonica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd
- Viola macloskeyi × Viola renifolia
- 大距堇菜 Viola macroceras Bunge
- Viola maculata Cav.
- Viola magellanica G.Forst.
- Viola magellanica Poir.
- Viola magellensis Porta & Rigo ex Strobl
- 犁頭葉堇菜 Viola magnifica Ching J.Wang ex X.D.Wang
- Viola majchurensis Pissjauk.
- Viola mandonii W.Becker
- 東北堇菜 Viola mandshurica W.Becker
- 貓兒山堇菜 Viola maoershanensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola marcelorosasii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola marina Bailly
- Viola marina E.Vilm., 1870
- Viola maroccana (Maire) Maire
- Viola mauiensis H.Mann
- 茂麗堇菜 Viola mauritii Tepl.
- Viola maviensis H.Mann
- 小深山堇菜 Viola maximowicziana Makino
- Viola maymanica Grey-Wilson
- Viola mearnsii Merr.
- Viola membranacea W.Becker
- Viola mercurii Orph. ex Halácsy
- Viola merrilliana W.Becker
- Viola merxmuelleri Erben
- Viola mesadensis W.Becker
- Viola metajaponica Nakai
- Viola meyerana Klokov
- Viola miaolingensis Y.S.Chen
- Viola micrantha Albert
- Viola micrantha Porta ex Huter
- Viola micranthella Wedd.
- Viola microcentra W.Becker
- Viola microceras Rupr.
- Viola milanae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola minuscula Greene
- Viola minuta M.Bieb.
- Viola minutiflora Phil.
- 美麗堇菜 Viola mirabilis L.,奇異堇菜
- Viola mirabilis × reichenbachiana
- Viola mirabilis × reichenbachiana x riviniana
- Viola mirabilis × riviniana
- Viola mirabilis × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola missouriensis Greene
- Viola modesta Fenzl
- Viola modestula Klokov
- Viola molisana Ricceri & Moraldo
- 維西堇菜 Viola monbeigii W.Becker
- Viola moncaunica Pau
- 蒙古堇菜 Viola mongolica Franch.
- Viola montagnei Gay
- 高堇菜 Viola montana Hegetschw.
- Viola montcaunica Pau
- 荁 Viola moupinensis Franch.
- Viola mrkvickana Velen.
- 小尖堇菜 Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.
- Viola mudfordei Pollard
- 大黃花堇菜 Viola muehldorfii Kiss
- 木里堇菜 Viola muliensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola munbyana Boiss. & Reut.
- Viola munozensis W.Becker
- Viola murronensis Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola muscoides Phil.
- 台北堇菜 Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata,也拼作:Viola nagasawai
- Viola nana (DC.) Le Jol.
- 南嶺堇菜 Viola nanlingensis J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
- Viola nannae R.E.Fr.
- Viola nannei Pol.
- Viola nantouensis S.S.Ying
- Viola nassauvioides Phil.
- Viola nebrodensis C.Presl
- Viola nemorum Rouy & Foucaud
- Viola nephrodes Raf., 1818
- Viola nephrophylla Greene
- Viola niederleinii W.Becker
- 亮葉堇菜 Viola nitida Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
- Viola nivalis Vest ex Schult.
- Viola nobilis W.Becker
- Viola novae-angliae House
- 雲霧堇菜 Viola nubigena Leyb.
- 裸堇菜 Viola nuda W.Becker
- 怒江堇菜 Viola nujiangensis Y.S.Chen & X.H.Jin
- Viola nummulariifolia Vill.
- Viola nuttallii Pursh
- Viola oahuensis C.N.Forbes
- Viola obituaria J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola oblonga Blatt.
- 翠峰堇菜 Viola obtusa (Makino) Makino
- Viola obtusa Freyn ex W.Becker, 1910
- 小花堇菜 Viola occulta Lehm.
- Viola ocellata Torr. & A.Gray
- Viola odontocalycina Boiss.
- 香堇菜 Viola odorata L.
- Viola odorata x suavis
- Viola ogawai Nakai, 1930
- 滇西堇菜 Viola oligoceps Chang
- Viola oligyrtia A.Tiniakou
- Viola orbelica Pancic
- Viola orbiculata Geyer ex A.Gray
- Viola orbiculata Geyer ex Holz.
- Viola orbiculata Geyer ex Hook.
- Viola oreades M.Bieb.
- 東方堇菜 Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W.Becker
- Viola ornata P.Gonzales, Montesinos & J.M.Watson, 2022[4]
- Viola orphanidis Boiss.
- Viola orthoceras Ledeb.
- Viola ovalleana Phil.
- Viola ovata Raf. ex DC., 1824
- Viola ovatooblonga (Makino) Makino
- Viola oxyodontis H.E.Ballard
- Viola pachyrhizonia F.O.Wolf
- Viola pachyrrhiza Boiss. & Hohen.
- Viola pachysoma [5]
- Viola pacifica Juz.
- Viola painteri Rose & House
- Viola palatina Y.N.Lee
- Viola pallascaensis W.Becker
- Viola palmaesis Knowles & Westc.
- 雞爪葉堇菜 Viola palmata L.
- Viola palmensis Webb & Berthel.
- Viola palustris L.
- Viola papuana W.Becker & Pulle
- Viola paradoxa Lowe
- Viola pariaetariaefolia Banks ex Ging., 1824
- Viola pariaetariifolia Banks ex Ging.
- Viola parnassifolia Greene
- Viola parnonia Kit Tan, Sfikas & Vold
- Viola parva E.Adans.
- Viola parvula Tineo
- 白花地丁 Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging.
- Viola pedata L.
- Viola pedatifida G.Don
- Viola pedunculata Torr. & A.Gray
- 北京堇菜 Viola pekinensis
- 懸果堇菜 Viola pendulicarpa
- 白灣堇菜 Viola pendulipes Yan S.Huang and Q.Fan, 2023(廣東)
- Viola pentadactyla Fenzl
- Viola perennis Bailly
- Viola perinensis W.Becker
- 極細堇菜 Viola perpusilla Boissieu
- Viola perreniformis (L.G.Adams) R.J.Little & Leiper
- Viola persicifolia Hegetschw.
- Viola perstolona Borbás
- Viola petelotii W.Becker ex Gagnep.
- Viola petraea W.Becker
- 莤堇菜 Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.,茜堇菜
- Viola philippiana Greene
- 紫花地丁 Viola philippica Cav.
- Viola philippii Leyb.
- Viola phitosiana Erben
- Viola physaloides Greene
- Viola picta Gillot
- 匍匐堇菜 Viola pilosa Blume
- 松林堇菜 Viola pinetorum Greene
- Viola pinnata L.
- Viola pinnatifida All.
- Viola pitouchaoensis S.S.Ying
- Viola placida W.Becker
- Viola plenigeri Formánek
- Viola pluviae Marcussen, H.E.Ballard & Blaxland
- Viola podolica Andrz.
- Viola podolica Andrz. ex Trautv.
- Viola poetica Boiss. & Spruner
- Viola polycephala H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.
- 多型堇菜 Viola polymorpha
- Viola polyodonta W.Becker
- Viola polypoda Turcz.
- Viola pomelii Sennen & Mauricio
- Viola popetae Sparre
- Viola porphyrea Uechtr. ex Garcke
- Viola portalesia Gay
- Viola portulacea Leyb.
- Viola praemorsa Douglas
- Viola praemorsa Douglas ex Lindley
- Viola prenja Beck
- 銳葉堇菜 Viola pricei W. Becker
- Viola primorskajensis (W.Becker) Vorosch.
- Viola primulifolia L.
- 柔毛堇菜 Viola principis H.Boissieu
- 早開堇菜 Viola prionantha Bunge
- Viola procerior Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
- Viola producta W.Becker
- Viola prostrata Schult.
- Viola pruinosa Pollard
- Viola pseudaetolica Tomovic, Melovski & Niketic
- 假如意草 Viola pseudo-arcuata
- 圓葉堇菜 Viola pseudo-bambusetorum
- Viola pseudograeca Erben
- 多花堇菜 Viola pseudo-monbeigii
- Viola pseudomunbyana W.Becker
- Viola pseudostagnina Vorosch.
- Viola pseudovulcanica W.Becker
- 毛葉黃堇菜 Viola pubescens Aiton
- Viola pubipetala S.S.Ying
- Viola pulvinata Reiche
- Viola pumila Chaix
- Viola punctata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
- 紫紅堇菜 Viola purpurea Kellogg
- Viola pusilla Poepp.
- Viola pusillima Wedd.
- Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.
- 比利牛斯堇菜 Viola pyrenaica Ramond ex DC.
- Viola quercetorum M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
- 立堇菜 Viola raddeana Regel
- Viola ramiflora K.O.Yoo
- Viola ramosiana W.Becker
- Viola rauliniana Erben
- Viola raunsiensis W.Becker & Kosanin
- Viola rausii Erben
- Viola regina J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola reichei Skottsb.
- Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau
- Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana
- Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana × rupestris
- Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana × ruppii
- Viola reichenbachiana × rupestris
- Viola reichenbachiana × ruppii
- Viola reichenbachiana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola reichenbachiana × stagnina
- Viola reichenbachiana × uliginosa
- Viola renifolia A.Gray
- Viola reniformis R.Br. ex B.D.Jacks., 1895
- Viola replicata W.Becker
- Viola reverchonii Wenk
- Viola reverchonii Willk. ex Coincy, 1895
- Viola rheophila Okamoto
- Viola rhodanica Chatenier & Revol
- Viola rhodopaea
- Viola rhodopeia W.Becker
- Viola rhodopensis Formánek
- 菱葉堇菜 Viola rhombifolia Leyb.
- Viola riviniana Rchb.
- Viola riviniana × rupestris
- Viola riviniana × ruppii
- Viola riviniana × rupestris subsp. relicta
- Viola riviniana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola riviniana × stagnina
- Viola riviniana × uliginosa
- Viola roccabrunensis Espeut
- 圓葉小堇菜 Viola rockiana
- Viola rodriguezii W.Becker
- Viola rogoviczii Andrz. ex Trautv.
- Viola roigii Rossow
- Viola rolandi-bonaparte F.O.Wolf, 1904
- 遼寧堇菜 Viola rossii Hemsl.
- Viola rossowiana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- 長嘴堇菜 Viola rostrata Pursh
- 長嘴堇菜原變種 Viola rostrata var. rostrata
- 日本長嘴堇菜 Viola rostrata var. japonica (W. Becker & H. Boissieu) Ohwi
- 蓮座堇菜 Viola rosulata P.Fourn.
- Viola rosulata Poepp. & Endl.
- Viola rotundifolia Hook.
- Viola rotundifolia Michx.
- Viola rouyana F.O.Wolf, 1904
- Viola roxolanica Blocki
- 淡紅堇菜 Viola rubella Cav.
- Viola rubrifolia Boiss.
- Viola rubromarginata J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola rudolfii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola rudolphii Sparre
- Viola rugosa Phi. ex W.Becker
- 石生堇菜 Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt
- Viola rupestris subsp. rupestris × uliginosa
- Viola rupestris × ruppii
- Viola rupicola Elmer
- Viola ruppii All.
- Viola ruppii Hegetschw.
- Viola ruppii Rchb.
- Viola saccata Melch.
- 庫頁堇菜 Viola sacchalinensis H.Boissieu
- Viola sacculus Skottsb.
- Viola sagittata Aiton
- Viola samothracica (Degen) Raus
- Viola samothraki
- Viola sandaiojiaoensis S.S.Ying
- Viola sandbergii Greene
- Viola sandrasea Melch.
- Viola santiagoensis W.Becker
- Viola santiagonensis W.Becker
- Viola sarotina P.Fourn.
- 遼東堇菜 Viola savatieri
- Viola saxatilis Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult., 1819
- Viola saxifraga Maire
- Viola scabriuscula Schwein. ex Torr. & A.Gray, 1838
- Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
- Viola schachimardanica Khalk.
- Viola schariensis Erben
- 陝西堇菜 Viola schensiensis W.Becker
- Viola schleidettiana Bogenh.
- Viola schneideri W.Becker
- Viola schultzii Billot ex F.W.Schultz
- 腎葉堇菜 Viola schulzeana
- Viola scorpiuroides Coss.
- Viola securigera Greene
- Viola seleriana W.Becker
- 深山堇菜 Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
- Viola sempervirens Greene
- Viola sempervivum Gay
- 尖山堇菜 Viola senzanensis Hayata
- Viola septemloba Leconte
- Viola sequeirae Capelo, R.Jardim, J.C.Costa, Lousã & Rivas Mart.
- Viola serbica Formánek
- Viola serotina P.Fourn.
- Viola serpentinicola de Salas
- Viola serpyllifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
- Viola serpyllifolia Kunth ex Roem. & Schult.
- Viola serresiana Erben
- 小齒堇菜 Viola serrula
- Viola sfikasiana Erben
- 小油坑堇菜 Viola shaoyoukengensis S.S.Ying
- Viola sheltonii Torr.
- 四國堇菜 Viola shikokiana Makino
- 新竹堇菜 Viola shinchikuensis Yamam.
- 世緯堇菜 Viola shiweii Xiao C. Li & Z.W.Wang, 以貴州籍採集家鄧世緯(191?-1936)的名字命名[6]
- 麓堇菜 Viola sieboldii Maxim.
- Viola sieheana W.Becker
- 錫金堇菜 Viola sikkimensis W.Becker
- Viola silicestris K.R.Thiele & Prober
- Viola singularis J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola sirinica Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola skanderbegii Dörfl. & Hayek
- Viola skottsbergiana W.Becker
- Viola slavikii Formánek
- Viola somchetica C.Koch
- Viola somchetica K.Koch
- Viola sordida Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
- Viola sororia Willd.
- Viola spathulata Willd.
- Viola spathulata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Viola spegazzinii W.Becker
- 圓果堇菜 Viola sphaerocarpa W.Becker
- Viola stagnina Kit.
- Viola stagnina × uliginosa
- Viola stagnira Kit.
- Viola steinbachii W.Becker
- Viola stenantha Greene
- 廬山堇菜 Viola stewardiana W.Becker
- Viola stipularis Sw.
- Viola stojanovii W.Becker
- Viola stojanowii W.Becker
- Viola stoloniflora Yokota & Higa
- Viola striata Aiton
- Viola striata Hook.
- 圓葉堇菜 Viola striatella H.Boissieu
- Viola striis-notata (J.Wagner) Merxm. & W.Lippert
- Viola stuebelii Hieron.
- Viola suavis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) O.Bolòs & Vigo
- Viola suavis M.Bieb.
- Viola subandina J.M.Watson
- Viola subasica (Fiori) Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola subatlantica (Maire) Ibn Tattou
- Viola subcrenata Phil. ex F.Meigen
- Viola subdimidiata A.St.-Hil.
- Viola suboderata Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
- Viola subodorata Dalla Torre & Sarnth., 1909
- Viola subrotunda Greene
- Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene
- Viola suecica Fr.
- 光葉堇菜 Viola sumatrana Miq.
- Viola sylvatica Fr.
- 四川堇菜 Viola szetschwanensis W.Becker & H.Boissieu
- Viola szilyana Borbás
- 泰山堇菜 Viola taishanensis
- Viola takeshimana Nakai
- Viola taltalensis W.Becker
- Viola tanaitica Grosset
- Viola tarbagataica Klokov
- 八重山堇菜 Viola tashiroi Makino
- Viola taurica C.A.Mey. ex Regel
- Viola taynensis Elisafenko
- Viola tectiflora W.Becker
- Viola tenorei N.Terracc.
- 細距堇菜 Viola tenuicornis W.Becker
- Viola tenuipes Pollard
- 心葉茶匙黃 Viola tenuis ,細葉堇菜
- 纖莖堇菜 Viola tenuissima Chang
- Viola teplouchovii Juz.
- Viola teucriifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
- Viola thasia W.Becker
- Viola thibaudieri Franch. & Sav.
- Viola thomasiana Songeon & Perr.
- 毛堇菜 Viola thomsonii Oudem.
- Viola thymifolia Britton
- 滇西堇菜 Viola tienschiensis
- Viola tineorum Erben & Raimondo
- 東海堇菜 Viola tokaiensis Sugim. ex N. Yamada & Igari
- Viola tokubuchiana Makino
- Viola tomentosa M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
- Viola tonkinensis Gagnep.
- Viola torresiae Marcet
- Viola tovarii P.Gonzáles & Molina-Alor
- 三角葉堇菜 Viola triangulifolia W.Becker
- 毛瓣堇菜 Viola trichopetala Chang
- 三色堇 Viola tricolor L.
- 大花三色堇 Viola tricolor × wittrockiana
- Viola tridentata Menzies ex DC.
- Viola tridentata Sm.
- Viola tridentina W.Becker
- Viola triflabellata W.Becker
- Viola trinervata (Howell) Howell ex A.Gray
- Viola tripartita Elliott
- Viola tripartita G.Don ex W.H.Baxter, 1850
- Viola trochlearis J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola truncata Meyen
- 雪山堇菜 Viola tsugitakaensis
- 塊莖堇菜 Viola tuberifera
- Viola tucumanensis W.Becker
- 土耳其堇菜 Viola turkestanica Regel & Schmalh. ex Regel
- Viola turritella J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola ucriana Erben & Raimondo
- Viola ugamica Juz.
- Viola uliginosa Besser
- Viola umbellata Sessé & Moc.
- Viola umbraticola Kunth
- Viola umphangensis S.Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph.
- Viola unica J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola uniflora L.
- Viola uniflora Vand. ex Roem.
- Viola uniquissima J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola unwinii W.Becker
- 粗齒堇菜 Viola urophylla Franch.
- 猶他堇菜 Viola utahensis M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
- Viola utahensis x beckwithii
- Viola utchinensis Koidz.
- Viola vadimii Vl.V.Nikitin
- 烏泡連 Viola vaginata Maxim.
- Viola valderia All.
- Viola vallenarensis W.Becker
- Viola vallicola A.Nelson
- Viola valvidiana Kalela
- Viola vanroyenii H.St.John
- 斑葉堇菜 Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link
- Viola vectoris Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola vegetalis Müll.Berol., 1868
- Viola velutina Formánek
- Viola venosa Piper
- 堇菜 Viola verecunda
- Viola veronicaefolia Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.
- Viola veronicifolia Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.
- Viola verticillata Cerv.
- Viola villosa Walter
- 紫背堇菜 Viola violacea Makino
- Viola volcanica Gill.
- Viola volcanica Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- Viola voliotisii Erben
- Viola vorobievii Bezd.
- Viola vourinensis Erben
- Viola vranicensis Beck
- Viola vulturis Ricceri & Moraldo
- Viola wailenalenae (Rock) Skottsb.
- 西藏細距堇菜 Viola wallichiana Ging. ex DC.
- Viola walteri House
- Viola wansanensis Y.N.Lee
- Viola watsonii Greene
- Viola weberbaueri W.Becker
- 蓼葉堇菜 Viola websteri Hemsl.
- Viola weibelii J.F.Macbr. ex Baehni & Weibel, 1941
- Viola werdermannii W.Becker
- Viola wichurai Nakai, 1928
- 維基百科堇菜 Viola wikipedia
- Viola willkommii R.Roem. ex Willk.
- Viola wilmattae A.Nelson
- Viola wilmattae Pollard & Cockerell, 1902
- 絨毛堇菜 Viola wilsonii W. Becker
- Viola winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- 大花三色堇 Viola wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler
- Viola woosanensis Y.N.Lee & J.Kim
- Viola woroschilovii Bezd.
- Viola wrightiana Watt
- 武陵堇菜 Viola wulingensis S.S.Ying
- Viola xanthopotamica J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola xibaoensis S.S.Ying
- Viola yamatsutae Ishid. ex Kitag.
- Viola yamatsutai Ishidoya
- Viola yazawana Makino
- Viola yedoensis Makino
- 陰地堇菜 Viola yezoensis Maxim.
- Viola yildirimlii Dinç & Bagci
- 雲南堇菜 Viola yunnanensis W.Becker & H.Boissieu
- 心葉堇菜 Viola yunnanfuensis W.Becker
- Viola yuzufelensis A.P.Khokhr.
- Viola zarencznyi Zapal.
- Viola zoysii Wulfen
- 雜交種:
- Viola ×adulterina Godr.
- Viola ×ajtayana Wagner
- Viola ×albiensis Sudre
- Viola ×albimaritima Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×albovii V.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×alpigena Chatenier
- Viola ×anceps C.Richt.
- Viola ×anceps K.Richt.
- Viola ×arophila Wiesb.
- Viola ×ausonensis Sennen
- Viola ×babiogorensis Zapal.
- Viola ×bachtschisaraensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×balearica Rosselló, Mayol & Mus
- Viola ×basilensis W.Becker
- Viola ×batava Kloos
- Viola ×bavarica Schrank
- Viola ×beebyi Druce
- Viola ×berggrenii W.Becker
- Viola ×bernardii (Greene) Greene
- Viola ×bernoulliana W.Becker
- Viola ×bernoulliana W.Becker ex Burnat, 1906
- Viola ×bessarabica Zapal.
- Viola ×bethkei C.Richt.
- Viola ×bissellii House
- Viola ×blaxlandiae J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola ×borbasii Gáyer
- Viola ×borsodiensis Budai & Gáyer
- Viola ×borussica (Borbás) W.Becker
- Viola ×brandisii W.Becker
- Viola ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperr.
- Viola ×brauniae Grover, 1939
- Viola ×braunii Borbás
- Viola ×braunii Grover
- Viola ×brevicornis Biau
- Viola ×bulgarica W.Becker
- Viola ×burnatii Gremli
- Viola ×caflischii Woerl.
- Viola ×caninaeformis C.Richt.
- Viola ×caninaeformis K.Richt., 1888
- Viola ×canninefas Kloos
- Viola ×carinthiaca Borbás
- Viola ×cebennensis Chatenier
- Viola ×celinae Sennen & Gonzalo
- Viola ×champlainensis House
- Viola ×chenevardii W.Becker
- Viola ×chevalieri H.Lév.
- Viola ×christii Wulf, 1881
- Viola ×chrysantha Schrad. ex Rchb.
- Viola ×cinerascens A.Kern.
- Viola ×conjugens Greene
- Viola ×consobrina House
- Viola ×consocia House
- Viola ×consorbrina House
- Viola ×contempta Jord.
- Viola ×cooperrideri H.E.Ballard
- Viola ×coquoziana W.Becker
- Viola ×cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein.
- Viola ×cracoviensis Zmuda
- Viola ×curnowii Druce
- Viola ×davisii House
- Viola ×demissa House, 1924
- Viola ×desetangsii G.Camus & Har.
- Viola ×digenea Rouy & Foucaud
- Viola ×dissita House
- Viola ×doii Taken.
- Viola ×domburgensis W.Becker
- Viola ×duffortii Fouill.
- Viola ×durennei Petitm.
- Viola ×eamesii House
- Viola ×eamsii House
- Viola ×eclipes H.E.Ballard
- Viola ×egglestoniana House
- Viola ×egregia House
- Viola ×eichenfeldii Halácsy
- Viola ×eizasieboldii Sugim. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola ×ekstroemiana W.Becker
- Viola ×eriksoniana W.Becker
- Viola ×excerpta House
- Viola ×fallacina Rouy & Foucaud, 1896
- Viola ×fennica Nyl.
- Viola ×filicetorum Greene
- Viola ×florariensis Correvon
- Viola ×florariensis Karrer
- Viola ×fouilladei W.Becker
- Viola ×fryeri Druce
- Viola ×fujisanensis S.Watan.
- Viola ×funesta C.Richt.
- Viola ×funesta K.Richt.
- Viola ×ganeschinii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×genevensis Chenevard
- Viola ×gerslaueri L.Gross, 1921
- Viola ×gerstlaueri L.Gross
- Viola ×glabrescens (Neuman) Tzvelev
- Viola ×gloggnitzensis C.Richt.
- Viola ×gloggnitzensis K.Richt.
- Viola ×godlewskii Zmuda
- Viola ×gotlandica W.Becker
- Viola ×gracillima Chatenier
- Viola ×granitica Chatenier
- Viola ×greatrexii Nakai & Maek.
- Viola ×greenmanii House
- Viola ×gremblichii Murr
- Viola ×grossii Gerstl.
- Viola ×grubovii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×guitteanae Giraudias
- Viola ×halacsyana Degen & Dörfl.
- Viola ×hallieri Borbás
- Viola ×helvetica Brügger
- Viola ×heslopii Druce
- Viola ×heterantha Caball.
- Viola ×heterocarpa Borbás
- Viola ×hirtiformis Wiesb.
- Viola ×hiyamae Maek.
- Viola ×hollickii House
- Viola ×holsatica E.L.Krause
- Viola ×hortorum Thorsrud & Reisaeter
- Viola ×hungarica Degen & Sabr.
- Viola ×hyperborea (Rupr) V.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×hyrcanica V.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×ibukiana Makino
- Viola ×igoschinae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×incissecta Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×insessa House
- Viola ×insidiosa Rouy & Foucaud
- Viola ×insignis C.Richt.
- Viola ×insignis K.Richt.
- Viola ×insolita House
- Viola ×interjecta Borbás
- Viola ×jaborneggii Khek ex Pacher
- Viola ×jaccardii W.Becker
- Viola ×jindoensis M.Kim
- Viola ×joannis-wagneri Kárpáti
- Viola ×johannis-wagneri Kárpáti, 1946
- Viola ×josephii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola ×julia Brügger
- Viola ×juliae Brügger
- Viola ×juzepczukii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×kalkburgensis Wiesb., 1875
- Viola ×kalksburgensis Wiesb.
- Viola ×karakulensis Vl.V.Nikitin & O.Baranova
- Viola ×kerneri Wiesb.
- Viola ×keterocarpa Borbás ex K.Richt.
- Viola ×kiliensis E.H.L.Krause
- Viola ×kisoana Nakai
- Viola ×klingeana Ronniger
- Viola ×klopotovii W.Becker
- Viola ×koehleri W.Becker
- Viola ×kotschyana W.Becker
- Viola ×kozo-poljanskii Grosset
- Viola ×krascheninnikoviorum Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×kupcokiana W.Becker
- Viola ×kupfferiana W.Becker
- Viola ×lacaitaeana W.Becker
- Viola ×lacmonica Hausskn.
- Viola ×lambertii H.Lév.
- Viola ×lanciformis Rouy & Foucaud
- Viola ×leucopetala Murr & Pöll
- Viola ×lovelliana Brainerd
- Viola ×luciae Skottsb.
- Viola ×luganensis W.Becker
- Viola ×lutzii E.G.Camus
- Viola ×magna C.Richt.
- Viola ×magna K.Richt.
- Viola ×malteana House
- Viola ×maluqueri Sennen
- Viola ×malvesini Jeanj.
- Viola ×mantziana W.Becker
- Viola ×marcetii W.Becker
- Viola ×marihelenae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×markensteinensis Wiesb.
- Viola ×markgrafii W.Becker
- Viola ×martii Wiesb.
- Viola ×martinii Maek.
- Viola ×matczkasensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×medelii W.Becker
- Viola ×megapolitana E.H.L.Krause
- Viola ×megapolitana Prahl
- Viola ×melissifolia Greene
- Viola ×menitzkii V.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×merkensteiniensis Wiesb. ex Murr
- Viola ×merkensteiniensis Wiesb., 1883
- Viola ×mielnicensis Zapal.
- Viola ×mira Zapal.
- Viola ×mirabiliformis Murr & Pöll
- Viola ×mistura House
- Viola ×mixta A.Kern.
- Viola ×mixta Sudre
- Viola ×modesta House
- Viola ×modica House
- Viola ×molleri Wein
- Viola ×mollicula House
- Viola ×mollis A.Kern. ex Wiesb.
- Viola ×montfortensis Murr & Pöll
- Viola ×mulfordiae Pollard
- Viola ×murbeckii Dörfl.
- Viola ×muretii F.O.Wolf
- Viola ×murrii Pôll
- Viola ×najadum Wein
- Viola ×napae House
- Viola ×nataliae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×neglecta F.W.Schmidt
- Viola ×neglectiformis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×neilreichiana Borbás
- Viola ×neilreichii C.Richt.
- Viola ×neilreichii K.Richt.
- Viola ×nemenyiana Wagner
- Viola ×neoburgensis Erdner
- Viola ×nephrophylloides Farw.
- Viola ×neumanniana Borbás
- Viola ×nikitinii Vasjukov
- Viola ×notabilis E.P.Bicknell
- Viola ×obtusoacuminata T.Hashim. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola ×obtusogrypoceras Makino
- Viola ×oelandica W.Becker, 1910
- Viola ×oenensis Borbás
- Viola ×oenipontana Murr
- Viola ×ogawae Nakai
- Viola ×okuharae F.Maek. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola ×olimpia Beggiat.
- Viola ×oreliensis W.Becker
- Viola ×orophila Wiesb.
- Viola ×pacheri Wiesb.
- Viola ×paradoxa K.Richt.
- Viola ×paradoxa Rouy & Foucaud
- Viola ×paxiana Degen & Zsák
- Viola ×perplexa Gremli
- Viola ×peterfii Nyár.
- Viola ×poelliana Murr
- Viola ×poltavensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×polysecta Nakai
- Viola ×popovae V.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×populifolia Greene
- Viola ×porphyrea R.Uechtr.
- Viola ×porteriana Pollard
- Viola ×preywischiana Nauenb.
- Viola ×prutensis Zapal.
- Viola ×pseudomakinoi M.Mizush. ex T.Shimizu
- Viola ×pseudosepincola W.Becker
- Viola ×pynzarii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×radians Beck
- Viola ×ravida House
- Viola ×redacta House
- Viola ×regeliana Rouy & Foucaud
- Viola ×reschetnikovae Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×rhaetica Borbás
- Viola ×rhenana Gerstl.
- Viola ×riddensis F.O.Wolf
- Viola ×riloensis W.Becker
- Viola ×ritschliana W.Becker
- Viola ×robinsoniana House
- Viola ×rolandi-bonapartei W.Wolf
- Viola ×ronnigeri W.Becker
- Viola ×rossii Chiov.
- Viola ×rouyana W.Wolf
- Viola ×roxolanica Zapal.
- Viola ×rupestriformis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×ruprechtiana Borbás
- Viola ×ryoniae House
- Viola ×ryonii House
- Viola ×salvatoriana W.Becker & Thell. ex W.Becker
- Viola ×sanensis Zapal.
- Viola ×sardagnae W.Becker
- Viola ×savatieri Makino
- Viola ×savourei H.Lév.
- Viola ×scabra Braun
- Viola ×schalmausenii Rouy & Foucaud
- Viola ×scharlockii W.Becker, 1914
- Viola ×schauloi Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×schlarlockii W.Becker
- Viola ×sedunensis F.O.Wolf
- Viola ×segniensis Gáyer & Degen
- Viola ×semseyana Borbás
- Viola ×sennenii Pau
- Viola ×sermenika Formánek
- Viola ×silana Merino
- Viola ×skofitziana Wiesb.
- Viola ×slavinii House
- Viola ×slesvicensis Prahl
- Viola ×sokalensis Zapal.
- Viola ×stuartii Bergmans
- Viola ×suaveolens Wiesb.
- Viola ×suaviflora Borbás & Heinr.Braun
- Viola ×subaffinis House
- Viola ×subcollina Beck
- Viola ×subglabrata Pöll ex W.Becker
- Viola ×subhirta Beck
- Viola ×sublanceolata House
- Viola ×subodorata Borbás ex Murr
- Viola ×suevica Gerstl.
- Viola ×sukaczewii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×superodorata Greg.
- 菊葉堇菜 Viola ×takahashii (Nakai) Taken.
- Viola ×talmensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×taradakensis Nakai
- Viola ×tatrae Borbás
- Viola ×tenuis C.Richt.
- Viola ×tenuis K.Richt.
- Viola ×teriana Sennen
- Viola ×tessinensis W.Becker
- Viola ×texidoris Sennen & Gonzalo
- Viola ×tichomirovii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×tigirekica Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×tiroliensis Borbás
- Viola ×torslundensis W.Becker
- Viola ×tourbillonensis W.Becker
- Viola ×tristicha Waisb.
- Viola ×tuvinica Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×tzvelevii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×uechtritziana Borbás
- Viola ×variifrons Pôll
- Viola ×vaudensis Hausskn. ex Gremli
- Viola ×vermontana House
- Viola ×viarum Pollard
- Viola ×viatkensis Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×villaquensis Benz
- Viola ×vilnaensis W.Becker
- Viola ×vindeliciana Gerstl.
- Viola ×vindobonensis Wiesb.
- Viola ×visseriana Bergmans
- Viola ×watsonii Druce
- Viola ×wiesbaurii Sabr.
- Viola ×wiesbaurii Sabr. ex Nyman
- Viola ×wilczekiana Beauverd
- Viola ×wilhelmii V.V.Nikitin
- 小花三色堇 Viola ×williamsii Wittr.
- 三色堇 Viola ×wittrockiana Gams ex Kappert,小三色堇
- Viola ×wujekii H.E.Ballard
- Viola ×wychensis Kloos
- Viola ×yurii Vl.V.Nikitin
- Viola ×zahnii Benz
- Viola ×zapalowiczii Zmuda
- Viola ×zophodes K.R.Thiele & Prober
- Viola ×zwienenii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
- Viola canina subsp. canina × pumila
- Viola canina subsp. canina × reichenbachiana
- Viola canina subsp. canina × riviniana
- Viola canina subsp. canina × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola canina subsp. canina × stagnina
- Viola canina subsp. canina × uliginosa
- Viola canina subsp. montana × mirabilis
- Viola canina subsp. montana × reichenbachiana
- Viola canina subsp. montana × riviniana
- Viola canina subsp. montana × rupestris subsp. relicta
- Viola canina subsp. montana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola canina subsp. montana × stagnina
- Viola canina subsp. montana × uliginosa
- Viola canina × elatior
- Viola canina × pumila
- Viola canina × reichenbachiana
- Viola canina × reichenbachiana x riviniana
- Viola canina × riviniana
- Viola canina × rupestris
- Viola canina × stagnina
- Viola canina × odorata
- Viola canina × riviniana
- Viola canina × rupestris subsp. relicta
- Viola canina × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola canina × stagnina
- Viola canina × uliginosa
- Viola hirta × odorata
- Viola hirta × odorata x suavis
- Viola hirta × suavis
- Viola hirta × odorata
- Viola pumila × riviniana
- Viola pumila × stagnina
- Viola pumila × reichenbachiana
- Viola pumila × riviniana
- Viola pumila × rupestris subsp. rupestris
- Viola pumila × stagnina
- 歸入本屬的物種:
- Mnemion cariotii Fourr.
參考文獻
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