延迟 (工程学)的的ICMP协议,不同于TCP等实际通信用网络协议。此外,路由器和互联网服务供应商(ISP)可能对不同的协议采用不同的流量整形(英语:Traffic shaping)策略。 对于更精确的测量,最好使用专门的软件,例如:lft、paketto、hping、superping.d、NetPerf、IPerf。
服务质量2500: Traffic Control on Autopilot, September 4, 2000, By David Newman (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Packeteer PacketShaper (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Traffic Shaping application
CFosSpeedLtd. 20 February 2008 [2012-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-03). How does traffic shaping in cFosSpeed work?. cFos website. cFos Software GmbH. [18 January 2011]
大段卸载Description on LSO in Linux Case Studies of Performance issues with LSO and Traffic Shaping (Linux) FreeBSD 7.0 new features, brief discussion on TSO support(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
最佳化問題and Approximation Corrected, Springer, 2003, ISBN 978-3-540-65431-5 How Traffic Shaping Optimizes Network Bandwidth. IPC. 2016-07-12 [2017-02-13].