ISBN 978-0-7020-2997-4. (原始内容存档于2020-08-01). Fisher, Gary L. Encyclopedia of substanceabuseprevention, treatment, & recovery. Los Angeles: SAGE. 2009: 1005 [2016-02-22]
(原始内容存档于2021-08-15) (英语). Treatment, Center for SubstanceAbuse. Chapter 2—Screening for Substance Use Disorders. SubstanceAbuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(原始内容存档于2020-11-11). Gary L. Fisher; Nancy A. Roget. Encyclopedia of SubstanceAbusePrevention, Treatment, and Recovery. SAGE Publications. 11 November 2008: