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1007/978-1-4020-8259-7_28. Davie, P. J. F. Subclass: Phyllocarida, Introduction. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1). Zoological
morphology, mode of life, and affinities of Canadaspis perfecta (Crustacea: Phyllocarida), Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions
Hoplocarida Calman, 1904 蝦蛄目 Stomatopoda Latreille, 1817 Subclass Phyllocarida（英语：Phyllocarida） Packard, 1879 Order Archaeostraca † Order Hoplostraca † Order
Wägele (1983) Nebalia marerubri, sp. nov. aus dem Roten Meer (Crustacea: Phyllocarida: Leptostraca), Journal of Natural History, 17:2, 127-138, DOI: 10.1080/00222938300770111
绵类、喙壳类、角石类、牙形石、几丁石、层孔虫等。深水、滞流静水海域不适合底栖生物生存，海面漂浮着笔石类、有薄壳的纤小动物，如叶虾类（英语：Phyllocarida），这些可以顺洋流漂浮，成为广布的化石。 笔石最早出现于寒武纪中期，在奥陶纪大量繁盛，主要营漂浮方式，分布广，演化快、容易保存，是奥陶纪重