鱉甲蝸牛科

鱉甲蝸牛科（學名：Helicarionidae），又名勇蝸科，鱉甲螺科^[2]，是一個由陸地上的蝸牛及半蛞蝓（英語：Semi-slug）組成的科，皆為真有肺類柄眼類支序的成員，屬於鱉甲蝸牛總科（Helicarionoidea）^[3]。

鱉甲蝸牛科
Five worn shells of Erepta setiliris at Réunion island
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：	柄眼目 Stylommatophora
亞目：	旋蝸牛亞目 Helicina
下目：	蛞蝓下目 Limacoidei
總科：	勇蝸總科 Helicarionoidea
科：	鱉甲蝸牛科 Helicarionidae Bourguignat, 1877[1]

2 sources

分佈

本科物種分佈於古北界東部，馬爾加什（馬達加斯加、留尼汪及科摩羅）、印度、東南亞及澳大利亞^[4]。

解剖

本科的蝸牛都會在交配時伸出幾丁質的交配器戀矢（love dart）插進對方的生殖孔，以交換精子^[5]。

此外，本科物種的單倍體染色體介乎21到30之間^[6]。

2 sources

下級分類

本科包括以下屬：

• Advena Gude, 1913
• Aenigmatoconcha C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2017
  • Aenigmatoconcha clivicola C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2017^[7]
  • Aenigmatoconcha eunetis Pholyotha & Panha, 2021^[8]
  • Aenigmatoconcha mitis (L.Pfeiffer, 1863)
  • Aenigmatoconcha sumonthai C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2018
• Amenixesta Iredale, 1941
  • Amenixesta fifensis Iredale, 1941
  • Amenixesta hunsteini (E.A.Smith, 1887)
• Antiquarion Stanisic, 2010
  • Antiquarion boondah Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion chooreechillum Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion collinsae J.Stanisic, 2010
  • Antiquarion evelynensis Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion limbus Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion occultus Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion ravenshoe Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion swausi Hyman & Köhler, 2020
• Apothapsia D.T.Holyoak & G.A.Holyoak, 2020
• Attenborougharion Hyman & Köhler, 2017
• 奧氏蛞蝓屬 Austenia G.Nevill, 1878
• Bathia Robson, 1914
• Belopygmaeus Solem, 1989
• Belopygmeus Baker, 1938
• Brevisentis Hyman, 2007
• Buffetia Iredale, 1945
• Burmochlamys Pholyotha & Panha, 2022
• Burnettia Stanisic, 2010
• Caldwellia H.Adams, 1873
• Caracolla Ehrenberg, 1831
• 疑難螺屬 Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887
  • 黑線小鱉甲蝸牛 Chalepotaxis spadix cinctus
• Colmanarion Stanisic, 2010
• 隱奧氏蛞蝓屬 Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1891
• Ctenoglypta Ancey, 1904
• Ctenophila Ancey, 1882
• Cucullarion Stanisic, 1998
• Dancea Zilch, 1960
• Dedrolamellaria
• Delinitesta Iredale, 1933
• Dendrolamellaria Preston, 1913
• Dendronitor Iredale, 1933
• Dupontia Godwin-Austen, 1908
• 小杜螺屬 Durgella W.T.Blanford, 1863
  • Durgella aborense Godwin-Austen, 1916
  • Durgella assamica Gondwin-Austen, 1881
  • Durgella birmanica (Pfeiffer, 1847)
  • Durgella christianae (Theobald, 1864)
  • Durgella concinna Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
  • Durgella densestriata Vermeulen, T.-S.Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015
  • Durgella dwipana (Gude, 1903)
  • Durgella edeana Godwin-Austen, 1910
  • Durgella erratica (Godwin-Austen, 1888)
  • Durgella hosei Godwin-Austen, 1891
  • Durgella khasiaca Godwin-Austen, 1883
  • Durgella kumahensis (Theobald & Stoliczka, 1872)
  • Durgella levicula (W.H.Benson, 1859)
  • Durgella libas Solem, 1966
  • Durgella mairangensis Godwin-Austen, 1898
  • Durgella naharaniensis Godwin-Austen, 1914
  • Durgella nulla Pholyotha & Panha, 2024^[9]
  • Durgella pentata Pholyotha & Panha, 2024^[9]
  • Durgella rhaphiellus (E.von Martens, 1867)
  • Durgella rogersi Godwin-Austen, 1907
  • Durgella russeola (Morelet, 1865)
  • Durgella salius (W.H.Benson, 1859)
  • Durgella seposita (W.H.Benson, 1859)
  • Durgella siamensis Möllendorff, 1902
  • Durgella sundana B.Rensch, 1930
• Durgellina Thiele, 1928
• Echonitor Iredale, 1937
• Eddiella Stanisic, 2010
• Einasleighana Stanisic, 2010
• Elatonitor Stanisic, 2010
• Ellarion Iredale, 1941
• Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893
• Erepta Albers, 1850
• Eufretum H.B.Baker, 1941
• Eurychlamys Godwin-Austen, 1899
• Expocystis Iredale, 1937
• Fastosarion Iredale, 1933
• Fenestrarion Stanisic, 2010
• Fijia Gude, 1913
• 吉拉蛞蝓屬 Girasia Gray, 1855
• Gudeconcha
• Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1944
• Haleakala Baker, 1940
• Harmogenanina Germain, 1918
• 勇蝸屬 Helicarion Férussac, 1821
• Hiloaa Baker, 1940
• Hiona Cooke, 1940
• Hionarion Baker, 1940
• Hionella Baker, 1940
• Holkeion Godwin-Austen, 1908
• Howearion Iredale, 1944
• 伊比蛞蝓屬 Ibycus Heynemann, 1863
  • 小玉蝸牛 Ibycus hiraseanus
• Insulorbis Baker, 1940
• Irenella Gude, 1913
• Kalidos Gude, 1911
• Kermarion Iredale, 1944
• Kipua Baker, 1940
• Laconia Gray, 1855
• Laocaia Kuzminykh, 1999
• Levidens Hyman, 2007
• Limpidarion Hyman & Köhler, 2020
• Luinarion Iredale, 1933
• Malandena Iredale, 1933
• Mauka Baker, 1940
• Medyla Martens, 1860
• Minororbis Baker, 1940
• Mistarion Iredale, 1941
• Montanocystis Stanisic, 2010
• Muangnua Solem, 1966
• Mysticarion Iredale, 1941
• Nesaecia Gude, 1911
• Nesarion Baker, 1940
• Nesocyclus Baker, 1940
• Nesonanina C.R.Boettger, 1918
• Neutra Baker, 1940
• Nitor Gude, 1911
• Nukupiena Baker, 1940
• Oafatua Baker, 1940
• Opara Baker, 1940
• 圓鱉甲蝸牛屬 Ovachlamys Habe, 1946
• Pachystyla Mörch, 1852
• Palmervillea Stanisic, 2010
• Panulena
• Parmacochlea E.A.Smith, 1884
• Parmavitrina Iredale, 1937
• Parmella H.Adams, 1867
• Parmellops Iredale, 1944
• Peloparion Iredale, 1937
• Periclocystis Iredale, 1937
• 扁楯蛞蝓屬 Petalochlamys Godwin-Austen, 1907，葉楯蛞蝓屬
• Pitcairnia Baker, 1940
• Pittoconcha Preston, 1913
• Plegma Gude, 1911
• Pravonitor Iredale, 1937
• Pseudaustenia Cockerell, 1891
• Pseudoguppya Baker, 1925
• Pseudophasis Germain, 1918
• Pseudosaphtia de Winter, 2008
• Pseudosesara Solem, 1962
• Quirosella Clench, 1958
• Rapafila Baker, 1940
• 曙螺屬 Rasama Laidlaw, 1932
• Rhadella Godwin-Austen, 1914
• Rhyssotopsis Ancey, 1887
• 若通螺屬 Rotungia Godwin-Austen, 1918
• Saphtia de Winter, 2008
• Satiella W.T.Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
• Sesara Martens, 1860
• Sheaia Hyman, 2007
• Sigaloeista Shea & Griffiths, 2010
• 昔塔螺屬 Sitala H.Adams, 1865
• Sitalarion H.B.Baker, 1941
• Sivella W.T.Blanford, 1863
• Sodaleta Iredale, 1937
• Sophina Benson, 1859
• Stanisicarion Hyman & Ponder, 2010
• Tarocystis Iredale, 1937
• Teraia Solem, 1966
• Thularion Stanisic, 1993
• Torrecystis Stanisic, 2010
• Tropicystis Stanisic, 2010
• Uafatua Baker, 1940
• Uapuneutra Baker, 1940
• Ubiquitarion Hyman, Lamborena & Köhler, 2017
• Urazirochlamys Habe, 1946
• Vanmolia de Winter, 2008
• Vercularion Iredale, 1933
• Waihoua Baker, 1940
• Westracystis Iredale, 1939
• Zagmena Iredale, 1941

The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):^[3]

• 亞科 Helicarioninae Bourguignat, 1877 - synonyms: Pseudotrochatellinae A. J. Wagner, 1905;^[10] Ereptinae Godwin-Austen, 1908;^[11] Xestinae Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921;^[12] Sesarinae Thiele, 1931;^[13] Nitoridae Iredale, 1937;^[14] Epiglyptidae Iredale, 1944;^[15] Gudeoconchidae Iredale, 1944^[15]
• 亞科 Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888^[16]
  • 族 Durgellini Godwin-Austen, 1888 - synonyms: Sitalinae Godwin-Austen, 1900;^[17] Sophininae W. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908;^[18] Satiellini Schileyko, 2003^[19]
  • 族 Girasiini Collinge, 1902^[20]

15 sources

屬

下列本科所有的屬：

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Helicarioninae亞科

• Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893^[3]
• Erepta Albers, 1850^[3]
• Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1914^[3]
• Helicarion Férussac, 1821 - type genus of the family Helicarionidae^[3]
• Nitor Gude, 1911^[3]
• Pseudotrochatella G. Nevill, 1881^[3]
• Sesara Albers, 1860^[3]
• Wilhelminaia Preston, 1913 ^[21]
• Xesta Albers, 1850^[3]

1 sources

Durgellinae亞科

族 Durgellini

• Durgella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae^[3]
• Satiella Godwin-Austen, 1908^[3]
• Sitala H. Adams, 1865^[3]
• Sophina Benson, 1859^[3]

• 族 Girasiini

• Girasia Gray, 1855 - 本族的模式屬^[3]

亞科未定

• Advena
• Atrichotoxon
• Buffetia
• Diastole
• Dolapex
• Elisolimax
• Harmogenanina
• Iredaleoconcha
• 恰里螺屬 Kaliella
• Lutilodix
• Mathewsoconcha
• Mysticarion
• Nancibella
• 圓鱉甲蝸牛屬 Ovachlamys Habe, 1946， 卵楯蛞蝓屬
• Panulena
• Philonesia
• Pittoconcha
• Quintalia
• Ryssota
• Thapsia
• Trichotoxon
• Zingis

親緣支序圖

以下的系統發生學分支圖顯示了根據Hausdorf (2000)所描述蛞蝓下目各科之間的親緣關係^[4]：

蛞蝓下目 Limacoidei

Staffordioidea（英語：Staffordioidea）  Staffordiidae        Dyakioidea（英語：Dyakioidea）  Dyakiidae    Gastrodontoidea（英語：Gastrodontoidea）    Pristilomatidae（英語：Pristilomatidae）       克氏螺科 Chronidae       真蛞蝓科 Euconulidae     Trochomorphidae（英語：Trochomorphidae）         腹齒螺科 Gastrodontidae     Oxychilidae（英語：Oxychilidae）              Parmacelloidea（英語：Parmacelloidea）    Trigonochlamydidae（英語：Trigonochlamydidae）     Parmacellidae（英語：Parmacellidae）     Milacidae（英語：Milacidae）          帶螺總科 Zonitoidea  帶螺科 Zonitidae    鱉甲蝸牛總科（英語：Helicarionoidea） Helicarionoidea（英語：Helicarionoidea）    鱉甲蝸牛科 Helicarionidae       擬阿勇蛞蝓科 Ariophantidae     Urocyclidae（英語：Urocyclidae）          Limacoidea（英語：Limacoidea）    Vitrinidae（英語：Vitrinidae）       Boettgerillidae（英語：Boettgerillidae）       蛞蝓科 Limacidae     野蛞蝓科 Agriolimacidae

1 sources

參考文獻

1. Bourguignat J. R. (1877). "Description de deux nouveaux genres algériens, suive d'une classification des families et des genres de Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du système européen". Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Toulouse 3(1): 49-101. page 64.
2. 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁體））.
3. Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
4. Hausdorf, B. Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal. Journal of Biogeography. 2000, 27 (2): 379–390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x （英語）.
5. 記用蝸牛來作實驗. 2013-07-19 （中文（繁體））.
6. G. M. Barker. The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI. 2001: 139. ISBN 978-0-85199-318-8.
7. Chanidaporn Tumpeesuwan and Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan. 2017. Discovery of An Overlooked Helicarionid Land Snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with Description of A New Genus and New Species, and Note on Radula Morphology and Genital System. RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 65; 181–188.
8. Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd and Somsak Panha. 2021. Systematic Revision of the Limestone Karst-restricted Land Snail Genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with Description of A New Species. European Journal of Taxonomy. 767(1), 55-82. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487
9. Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ngwe Lwin and Panha Somsak. 2024. Unveiling the Diversity of the Semislug Gnus Durgella Blanford, 1863 (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae) from Thailand and Myanmar, with Description of Two New Species. Zool Stud. 63:14. DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-14.
10. Wagner A. J. (1905). Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 77: 365.
11. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). "On the Animals of Genera and Species of Mascarene Land-Mollusca belonging to the family Zonitidae, collected by Monsieur E. Dupont". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)2: 422-436. 432. Plate 9-11.
12. Gude G. P. L. K. & Woodward B. B. (1921). "On Helicella, Férussac". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 14(5-6): 174-190. page 185.
13. Thiele (1931). Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde 1(2): 620.
14. Iredale T. (1937). The Australian Zoologist 9(1): 2.
15. Iredale T. (1944). The Australian Zoologist 10(3): page 326 and page 328.
16. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1888). Land and freshwater Mollusca of India 1(6): 253.
17. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1900). In: Sykes Mollusca. In: Sharp (ed.) Fauna Hawaiiensis 2(4): 283.
18. Blanford W. T. & Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). The fauna of British India. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae, page 283.
19. Schileyko (2003). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, part 10: 1319.
20. Collinge (1902). The Journal of Malacology 9(3): 71, 73.
21. {{cite journal |last=Ho |first=Wai Hoong |title=A Review Of The Land-Snail Fauna of Singapore |journal=[[The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=1995 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=91-113 |url=http://malaypeninsularsnail.myspecies.info/node/30 |language=en |access-date=2017-02-16 |archive-date=2017-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216224248/http://malaypeninsularsnail.myspecies.info/node/30 |dead-url=no }}

外部連結

• 維基物種上的相關資訊：鱉甲蝸牛科
• Helicarionidae. NCBI （英語）.

• Video of a Helicarionid in Sulawesi （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）