1990年起已改用棕櫚油;传统的麻辣火锅底料也要用到牛脂。亦用於工业製品使用,例如润滑油、肥皂以及制作蜡烛的原料。 「牛朥」為潮汕話 Schlosser, Eric (2001). Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of All-American Meal. Houghton
a taxonomic monograph. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XIV London. Schlosser, Eric. (2005). Notes on some little known carnivorous plants from Madagascar
Famous Fries. McDonald's. [2020-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-27). Schlosser, Eric(英语:EricSchlosser) (2001). Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of All-American Meal(英语:Fast