Scotia),成长于教会街道(现威廉斯港(英语:Port Williams, Nova Scotia))。当他1917年10月15日被征召(英语:ConscriptionCrisisof1917)入伍时正住在萨斯喀彻温省穆斯乔。他服役于加拿大遠征軍(英语:Canadian Expeditionary
mass conscriptionof the peasantry 'was a long step towards the end of Kolchak's regime'. It soon destroyed the discipline and fighting morale of his army
Ukraine to end military conscription after autumn call-ups. [2014-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-10). Ukraine reinstates conscription as crisis deepens 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2018-08-21