魯米

梅夫拉那·賈拉爾-阿德-丁·穆罕默德·魯米（波斯語：مولانا جلال الدین محمد رومی‎，土耳其語：Mevlânâ Celâleddin Mehmed Rumi，1207年9月30日—1273年12月17日），常簡稱魯米，是一位出身大伊朗大呼羅珊地區的詩人、哈乃斐派法基赫（伊斯蘭教法學專家）、烏理瑪（伊斯蘭教學者）、馬圖里迪派（英語：Maturidism）伊斯蘭教義學家^[8]、蘇非主義實踐者。^[9][10]

魯米
位於土耳其伊茲密爾省布賈（英語：Buca）的魯米雕像，高23米
頭銜	我們的導師（مولانا‎） 吾師（مولوی‎）
個人資料
出生	(1207-09-30)1207年9月30日🇮🇷 花剌子模王國巴爾赫（今屬 阿富汗巴爾赫省）[1] 或瓦赫什（英語：Vakhsh, Tajikistan）（今屬 塔吉克哈特隆州）[2][3]
逝世	1273年12月17日(1273歲—12—17)（66歲）🇮🇷 魯姆蘇丹國科尼亞 （今屬 土耳其科尼亞省）
墓地	土耳其科尼亞梅烏拉那博物館
宗教信仰	伊斯蘭教
民族	波斯人
年代	伊斯蘭黃金時代
地區	花剌子模王國 巴爾赫（1207–1212，1213–1217） 撒馬爾罕（1212–1213）[4][5] 🇮🇷 魯姆蘇丹國 馬拉蒂亞（1217–1219） 阿克謝希爾（1219–1222） 拉蘭達（1222–1228） 科尼亞（1228–1273）[4]
宗派	遜尼派[6]
法理	哈乃斐派
專業領域	蘇菲詩（英語：Sufi poetry）、哈乃斐教法學
著名思想	蘇菲旋舞（英語：Sufi whirling）、穆拉卡巴（英語：Muraqaba）
著作	《瑪斯納維》 《沙姆斯詩集（英語：Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi）》 《其中之中（英語：Fihi Ma Fihi）》🇮🇷
塔里卡	梅夫拉維教團
高級職位
受影響於 穆罕默德, 安薩里, Muhaqqeq Termezi, Baha-ud-din Zakariya, 內沙布爾的阿塔, 薩納伊, Abu Sa'īd Abulḫayr, Ḫaraqānī, Bayazīd Bistāmī, Sultan Walad, Shams Tabrizi🇮🇷
施影響於 拉赫曼·雅米, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, 卡齊·納茲魯·伊斯拉姆, Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, Abdolkarim Soroush, Hossein Elahi Ghomshei, 穆罕默德·伊克巴勒, Hossein Nasr[7]

位於土耳其科尼亞的魯米墓

魯米的作品大多以波斯語寫成，但其部分詩句也以土耳其語^[11]、阿拉伯語^[12]和希臘語^[13][14][15]寫成。他在科尼亞創作的《瑪斯納維》被認為是最具代表性的波斯語詩歌作品之一。^[16][17] 魯米的影響力超越族群分歧：伊朗人、阿富汗人、塔吉克人、土耳其人、庫爾德人、希臘人以及印度次大陸的穆斯林都欣賞他的精神遺產。^[18][19] 他的詩歌不僅影響波斯文學，也影響奧斯曼土耳其語、察合台語、普什圖語、庫爾德語、烏爾都語和孟加拉語的文學傳統。^[18][20][21]

如今，魯米的作品以其原始語言在大伊朗和波斯語世界被廣泛閱讀。^[22][23] 他的詩歌被以多種語言翻譯並轉換成各種格式。魯米在土耳其、阿塞拜疆和南亞很受歡迎^[24]，也是少數廣受西方世界許多讀者認識和喜愛的伊斯蘭代表人物之一^[25][26][27]。魯米的思想也對黑格爾的哲學產生影響。^[28]

參見

• 尼扎米
• 薩納伊

參考資料

1. ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為UNESCO的參考文獻提供內容
2. William Harmless, Mystics, (Oxford University Press, 2008), 167.
3. ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Balkh的參考文獻提供內容
4. ^ ^{4.0 4.1} 引用錯誤：沒有為名為encyclopaedia1991的參考文獻提供內容
5. C. E. Bosworth, 1988, BALḴ, city and province in northern Afghanistan, Encyclopaedia Iranica, on that time Afghanistan and some part of Turkish were belong to Persia which named Iran: Later, suzerainty over it passed to the Qarā Ḵetāy of Transoxania, until in 594/1198 the Ghurid Bahāʾ-al-Dīn Sām b. Moḥammad of Bāmīān occupied it when its Turkish governor, a vassal of the Qarā Ḵetāy, had died, and incorporated it briefly into the Ghurid empire. Yet within a decade, Balḵ and Termeḏ passed to the Ghurids』 rival, the Ḵᵛārazmšāh ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn Moḥammad, who seized it in 602/1205-06 and appointed as governor there a Turkish commander, Čaḡri or Jaʿfar.In summer of 617/1220 the Mongols first appeared at Balḵ. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
6. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Rumi Meditations, Penguin Group: 48, [2019-11-13], （原始內容存檔於2020-09-18）
7. Ramin Jahanbegloo, In Search of the Sacred : A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, ABC-CLIO (2010), p. 141
8. Ahmad, Imtiaz. "The Place of Rumi in Muslim Thought." Islamic Quarterly 24.3 (1980): 67.
9. Lewis, Franklin D. Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi. Oneworld Publication. 2008: 9. How is that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as in Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in what is now Turkey, some 1,500 miles to the west?
10. Schimmel, Annemarie. The Mystery of Numbers. Oxford University Press. 7 April 1994: 51. These examples are taken from the Persian mystic Rumi's work, not from Chinese, but they express the yang-yin（原文如此） relationship with perfect lucidity.
11. Annemarie Schimmel, The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi, SUNY Press, 1993, p. 193: "Rumi's mother tongue was Persian, but he had learned during his stay in Konya, enough Turkish and Greek to use it, now and then, in his verse."
12. Franklin Lewis: "On the question of Rumi's multilingualism (pp. 315–317), we may still say that he spoke and wrote in Persian as a native language, wrote and conversed in Arabic as a learned "foreign" language and could at least get by at the market in Turkish and Greek (although some wildly extravagant claims have been made about his command of Attic Greek, or his native tongue being Turkish) (Lewis 2008:xxi). (Franklin Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi," One World Publication Limited, 2008). Franklin also points out that: "Living among Turks, Rumi also picked up some colloquial Turkish."(Franklin Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi," One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 315). He also mentions Rumi composed thirteen lines in Greek (Franklin Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 316). On Rumi's son, Sultan Walad, Franklin mentions: "Sultan Walad elsewhere admits that he has little knowledge of Turkish" (Sultan Walad): Franklin Lewis, Rumi, "Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 239) and "Sultan Valad did not feel confident about his command of Turkish" (Franklin Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000, p. 240)
13. Δέδες, Δ. Ποιήματα του Μαυλανά Ρουμή [Poems by Mowlānā Rūmī]. Τα Ιστορικά. 1993, 10 (18–19): 3–22.
14. Meyer, Gustav. Die griechischen Verse im Rabâbnâma.. Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 1895, 4 (3). S2CID 191615267. doi:10.1515/byzs.1895.4.3.401.
15. Greek Verses of Rumi & Sultan Walad. uci.edu. 22 April 2009. （原始內容存檔於5 August 2012）.
16. Gardet, Louis. Religion and Culture. Holt, P.M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (編). The Cambridge History of Islam, Part VIII: Islamic Society and Civilization. Cambridge University Press. 1977: 586. It is sufficient to mention 'Aziz al-Din Nasafi, Farid al-Din 'Attar and Sa'adi, and above all Jalal al-Din Rumi, whose Mathnawi remains one of the purest literary glories of Persia
17. C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the 13th century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose Mathnawī, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."
18. Rumi work translated into Kurdish. 30 January 2015.
19. Seyyed, Hossein Nasr. Islamic Art and Spirituality. Suny Press. 1987: 115. Jalal al-Din was born in a major center of Persian culture, Balkh, from Persian speaking parents, and is the product of that Islamic Persian culture which in the 7th/13th century dominated the 'whole of the eastern lands of Islam and to which present day Persians as well as Turks, Afghans, Central Asian Muslims and the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent are heir. It is precisely in this world that the sun of his spiritual legacy has shone most brillianty during the past seven centuries. The father of Jalal al-Din, Muhammad ibn Husayn Khatibi, known as Baha al-Din Walad and entitled Sultan al-'ulama', was an outstanding Sufi in Balkh connected to the spiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra.
20. Rahman, Aziz. Nazrul: The rebel and the romantic. Daily Sun. 27 August 2015 [12 July 2016]. （原始內容存檔於17 April 2017）.
21. Khan, Mahmudur Rahman. A tribute to Jalaluddin Rumi. Daily Sun. 30 September 2018.
22. Interview: 'Many Americans Love Rumi...But They Prefer He Not Be Muslim'. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 9 August 2010 [22 August 2016] （英語）.
23. Interview: A mystical journey with Rumi. Asia Times. [22 August 2016]. 原始內容存檔於16 August 2010.
24. Dîvân-i Kebîr Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī. OMI – Old Manuscripts & Incunabula. [22 August 2016].
25. Saber, Indlieb Farazi. A tale of two Rumis – of the East and of the West. Al Jazeera. [2024-08-10] （英語）.
26. Tompkins, Ptolemy. Rumi Rules!. Time. 29 October 2002 [22 August 2016]. ISSN 0040-781X.
27. Süleyman, Amir. Remembering Rumi: How he inspired the East and the West | Opinion. Daily Sabah. 2021-09-30 [2024-08-10] （美國英語）.
28. The Whisper that Echoed across the Seven Seas: Rumi in the Western Intellectual Milieu—Nonfiction by Talha —Eclectica Magazine v14n4. www.eclectica.org. [2024-08-10].

• Majid M. Naini,The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love, Universal Vision & Research, 2002, ISBN 0-9714600-0-0 [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000. ISBN 1-85168-214-7
• Leslie Wines, Rumi: A Spiritual Biography, New York: Crossroads, 2001 ISBN 0-8245-2352-0.
• Rumi's Thoughts, edited by Seyed G Safavi, London: London Academy of Iranian Studies, 2003.
• Şefik Can, Fundamentals of Rumi's Thought: A Mevlevi Sufi Perspective, Sommerset (NJ): The Light Inc., 2004 ISBN 1-932099-79-4.

外部連結

魯米的作品

• Four new translations of Rumi poems by Coleman Barks
• The Masnavi I Ma'navi （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, by Maulana Jalalu-'d-din Muhammad Rumi, Abridged and Translated by E.H. Whinfield on sacred-texts.com （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Dar al Masnavi （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, several English versions of selections by different translators.
• Rumi's little-known biography and poems (Quatrains and Odes) in English by Shahram Shiva
• [2] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• [3] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Quatrains at Iranian.com （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

魯米的生平

• The Rubaiyat of Rumi Lecture of Khosro Naghed.
• Rumi, Poet of Love and Justice, CHN News
• Jalaluddin Rumi （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• About Rumi, English translations and personal/rare biography （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Several Rumi Poems (Quatrains and Odes) in English （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Iranian studies site （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• The Threshold Society and Mevlevi Order （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• The Mevlevi Order of America （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. [This organization and the one above are unaffiliated with each other]
• Official website of the Family of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi- Mevlevi webpage （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• RumiOnFire.com - A Tribute to Rumi （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Rumi, Jalal al-Din, a biography by Professor Iraj Bashiri, University of Minnesota.
• What goes round... （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） - The Guardian, November 5, 2000
• Rumi Lectures at Harvard University （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Rumi and the Tradition of Sufi Poetry
• Rumi and Islamic Spirituality
• Rumi and Self Discovery （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Mewlana Jelal Ad-Din Rumi
• Treasures of Persian Literature, by Professor Behrouz Homayoun Far
• Sadeq Dehqan. UNESCO designates 2007 "Year of Molana" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Iran Daily, April 8, 2006.
• Ashkhabad to host Molana conference （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Guernica Magazine (guernicamag.com) on the 800th anniversary of Rumi's birth
• Rumi Year Celebrations in Buffalo, NY area
• Can Rumi Save Us Now? [4] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）