上游源出於天目山，由東苕溪、西苕溪兩支組成，兩溪在湖州市吳興區城區匯合，合流後稱苕溪，向北流15公里，分70多條港汊注入太湖。河寬80-160米，水深7-8米。流域總面積5917平方公里，為太湖主要水源之一。
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