釓(原子質量單位:157.25(3))有6種穩定同位素(154Gd、155Gd、156Gd、157Gd、158Gd、160Gd)和1種放射性同位素(152Gd)存在於自然界,其中豐度24.84%的158Gd最常見。160Gd理論上可以雙β衰變,但目前尚未觀測到,半衰期至少1.3×1021年。[3]
Quick Facts 同位素, 衰變 ...
主要的釓同位素
同位素
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衰變
|
|
豐度
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半衰期 (t1/2)
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方式
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能量 (MeV)
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產物
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148Gd
|
人造
|
86.9 年[1]
|
α
|
3.271
|
144Sm
|
150Gd
|
人造
|
1.79×106 年
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α
|
2.807
|
146Sm
|
152Gd
|
0.204%
|
1.08×1014 年
|
α
|
2.204
|
148Sm
|
153Gd
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人造
|
240.6 天
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ε
|
0.485
|
153Eu
|
154Gd
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2.187%
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穩定,帶90粒中子
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155Gd
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14.828%
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穩定,帶91粒中子
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156Gd
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20.493%
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穩定,帶92粒中子
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157Gd
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15.657%
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穩定,帶93粒中子
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158Gd
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24.820%
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穩定,帶94粒中子
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160Gd
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21.811%
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穩定,帶96粒中子
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) | |
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Close
More information 符號, Z ...
符號
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Z
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N
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同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2]
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半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3]
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衰變 方式[4]
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衰變 產物 [n 4][n 5]
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原子核 自旋[n 1]
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相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[n 2]
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相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率)
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激發能量[n 1][n 2]
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134Gd
|
64
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70
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133.95537(43)#
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0.4# s
|
|
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0+
|
|
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135Gd
|
64
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71
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134.95257(54)#
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1.1(2) s
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|
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3/2-
|
|
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136Gd
|
64
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72
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135.94734(43)#
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1# s [>200 ns]
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β+
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136Eu
|
|
|
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137Gd
|
64
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73
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136.94502(43)#
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2.2(2) s
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β+
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137Eu
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7/2+#
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|
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β+, p (不常見)
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136Sm
|
138Gd
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64
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74
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137.94012(21)#
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4.7(9) s
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β+
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138Eu
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0+
|
|
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138mGd
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2232.7(11) keV
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6(1) µs
|
|
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(8-)
|
|
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139Gd
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64
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75
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138.93824(21)#
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5.7(3) s
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β+
|
139Eu
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9/2-#
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|
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β+, p (不常見)
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138Sm
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139mGd
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250(150)# keV
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4.8(9) s
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|
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1/2+#
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|
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140Gd
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64
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76
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139.93367(3)
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15.8(4) s
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β+
|
140Eu
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0+
|
|
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141Gd
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64
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77
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140.932126(21)
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14(4) s
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β+ (99.97%)
|
141Eu
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(1/2+)
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|
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β+, p (.03%)
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140Sm
|
141mGd
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377.8(2) keV
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24.5(5) s
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β+ (89%)
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141Eu
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(11/2-)
|
|
|
IT (11%)
|
141Gd
|
142Gd
|
64
|
78
|
141.92812(3)
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70.2(6) s
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β+
|
142Eu
|
0+
|
|
|
143Gd
|
64
|
79
|
142.92675(22)
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39(2) s
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β+
|
143Eu
|
(1/2)+
|
|
|
β+, α (不常見)
|
139Pm
|
β+, p (不常見)
|
142Sm
|
143mGd
|
152.6(5) keV
|
110.0(14) s
|
β+
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143Eu
|
(11/2-)
|
|
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β+, α (不常見)
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139Pm
|
β+, p (不常見)
|
142Sm
|
144Gd
|
64
|
80
|
143.92296(3)
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4.47(6) min
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β+
|
144Eu
|
0+
|
|
|
145Gd
|
64
|
81
|
144.921709(20)
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23.0(4) min
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β+
|
145Eu
|
1/2+
|
|
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145mGd
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749.1(2) keV
|
85(3) s
|
IT (94.3%)
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145Gd
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11/2-
|
|
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β+ (5.7%)
|
145Eu
|
146Gd
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64
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82
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145.918311(5)
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48.27(10) d
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ε
|
146Eu
|
0+
|
|
|
147Gd
|
64
|
83
|
146.919094(3)
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38.06(12) h
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β+
|
147Eu
|
7/2-
|
|
|
147mGd
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8587.8(4) keV
|
510(20) ns
|
|
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(49/2+)
|
|
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148Gd
|
64
|
84
|
147.918115(3)
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74.6(30) a
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α
|
144Sm
|
0+
|
|
|
149Gd
|
64
|
85
|
148.919341(4)
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9.28(10) d
|
β+
|
149Eu
|
7/2-
|
|
|
α (4.34×10−4%)
|
145Sm
|
150Gd
|
64
|
86
|
149.918659(7)
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1.79(8)×106 a
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α
|
146Sm
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0+
|
|
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151Gd
|
64
|
87
|
150.920348(4)
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124(1) d
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ε
|
151Eu
|
7/2-
|
|
|
α (10−6%)
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147Sm
|
152Gd[n 6]
|
64
|
88
|
151.9197910(27)
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1.08(8)×1014 a
|
α
|
148Sm
|
0+
|
0.0020(1)
|
|
153Gd
|
64
|
89
|
152.9217495(27)
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240.4(10) d
|
ε
|
153Eu
|
3/2-
|
|
|
153m1Gd
|
95.1737(12) keV
|
3.5(4) µs
|
|
|
(9/2+)
|
|
|
153m2Gd
|
171.189(5) keV
|
76.0(14) µs
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|
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(11/2-)
|
|
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154Gd
|
64
|
90
|
153.9208656(27)
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觀測上穩定[n 7]
|
0+
|
0.0218(3)
|
|
155Gd[n 8]
|
64
|
91
|
154.9226220(27)
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觀測上穩定[n 9]
|
3/2-
|
0.1480(12)
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155mGd
|
121.05(19) keV
|
31.97(27) ms
|
IT
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155Gd
|
11/2-
|
|
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156Gd[n 8]
|
64
|
92
|
155.9221227(27)
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穩定
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0+
|
0.2047(9)
|
|
156mGd
|
2137.60(5) keV
|
1.3(1) µs
|
|
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7-
|
|
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157Gd[n 8]
|
64
|
93
|
156.9239601(27)
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穩定
|
3/2-
|
0.1565(2)
|
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158Gd[n 8]
|
64
|
94
|
157.9241039(27)
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穩定
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0+
|
0.2484(7)
|
|
159Gd[n 8]
|
64
|
95
|
158.9263887(27)
|
18.479(4) h
|
β−
|
159Tb
|
3/2-
|
|
|
160Gd[n 8]
|
64
|
96
|
159.9270541(27)
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觀測上穩定[n 10]
|
0+
|
0.2186(19)
|
|
161Gd
|
64
|
97
|
160.9296692(29)
|
3.646(3) min
|
β−
|
161Tb
|
5/2-
|
|
|
162Gd
|
64
|
98
|
161.930985(5)
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8.4(2) min
|
β−
|
162Tb
|
0+
|
|
|
163Gd
|
64
|
99
|
162.93399(32)#
|
68(3) s
|
β−
|
163Tb
|
7/2+#
|
|
|
164Gd
|
64
|
100
|
163.93586(43)#
|
45(3) s
|
β−
|
164Tb
|
0+
|
|
|
165Gd
|
64
|
101
|
164.93938(54)#
|
10.3(16) s
|
β−
|
165Tb
|
1/2-#
|
|
|
166Gd
|
64
|
102
|
165.94160(64)#
|
4.8(10) s
|
β−
|
166Tb
|
0+
|
|
|
167Gd
|
64
|
103
|
166.94557(64)#
|
3# s
|
β−
|
167Tb
|
5/2-#
|
|
|
168Gd
|
64
|
104
|
167.94836(75)#
|
300# ms
|
β−
|
168Tb
|
0+
|
|
|
169Gd
|
64
|
105
|
168.95287(86)#
|
1# s
|
β−
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169Tb
|
7/2-#
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Close
畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
Believed to undergo α decay to 150Sm
Believed to undergo α decay to 151Sm
Believed to undergo β−β− decay to 160Dy with a half-life over 1.3×1021 years
Chiera, Nadine M.; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea. Determination of the half-life of gadolinium-148. Applied Radiation and Isotopes (Elsevier BV). 2023, 194: 110708. ISSN 0969-8043. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110708.
存档副本. [2015-09-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.