西德尼·帕金森

西德尼·帕金森（Sydney Parkinson 約1745年—1771年1月26日）是一位蘇格蘭植物、動物插畫家，是第一個抵達澳大利亞、新西蘭和大溪地的歐洲藝術家^[1]。

生平

帕金森出生於愛丁堡的一個貴格會家庭^[2]，父親在1749年去世，家境貧困^[3]。他曾當過毛布商學徒，業餘喜歡繪畫^[4]^[5]，他沒接受過正式的繪畫教育，但可能和愛丁堡的一些藝術家有來往^[6]^[7]。

全家在1766年左右搬到倫敦，他的哥哥斯坦菲爾德在那裏當家具商^[8]。1765年至1766年間，他的一些花卉畫在自由藝術家學會（Free Society of Artists）展出^[9]^[10]，他也開始教畫^[11]，僱主包括蘇格蘭苗圃園主詹姆斯·李，李雇他教自己的女兒安^[9]，並在1767年把帕金森介紹給約瑟夫·班克斯^[12]，後者又把他介紹給動物學家托馬斯·彭南特^[9]。

1768年，班克斯僱傭他隨庫克船長乘坐努力號前往太平洋^[13]，一路上他繪製了近千幅動植物插圖^[14]。在前往開普敦時，他因痢疾去世，班克斯將他的工資付給了他的哥哥^[15]。

Banksia serrata，西德尼·帕金森繪
Banksia integrifolia，西德尼·帕金森繪
Banksia ericifolia，西德尼·帕金森繪
Banksia dentata，西德尼·帕金森繪

參考文獻

[1]
Paul Barker, "Wide-eyes on a painted ocean", The Guardian, republished in Sydney Morning Herald, 10 July 1999, Spectrum, p. 13s
[2]
Joppien & Smith 1985，第74頁.
[3]
Allen 2004.
[4]
Lysaght 1979，第12頁.
[5]
Parkinson 1773，第vi頁.
[6]
Joppien & Smith 1985，第74–75頁.
[7]
Lysaght 1979，第12–15頁.
[8]
Carr 1983，第x頁.
[9]
Lysaght 1979，第15頁.
[10]
Graves 1907，第189頁.
[11]
Anderson 1954.
[12]
Sox 2002，第231頁.
[13]
Sydney Parkinson, botanical draughtsman. Enlarging the prospects of happiness: European travel writing through the ages. Online exhibition. University of Otago. [12 June 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-20）.
[14]
Nadaf, Altafhusain; Zanan, Rahul. Indian Pandanaceae - an overview. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013: 5 [2022-01-18]. ISBN 978-81-322-0753-5. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-27）（英語）.
[15]
Rienits, Rex. Parkinson, Sydney (1745–1771). Australian Dictionary of Biography (National Centre of Biography, Australian National University). 1967 [2022-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-30）.

Allen, D.E. Parkinson, Sydney. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 23 September 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21377.
Anderson, A. W. Sydney Parkinson. The Gardeners' Chronicle (London). 16 January 1954, 135: 24–25. OCLC 12835111. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-18）.
Beaglehole, John C. The Journals of Captain James Cook: The Voyage of the Endeavour, 1768–1771. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : Hakluyt Society. 1968 [1955] [2022-01-18]. OCLC 223185477. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-30）（英語）.
Beaglehole, J. C. The Endeavour journal of Joseph Banks 1768-1771. Sydney: Trustees of Public Library of N.S.W. in association with Angus and Robertson. 1963 [2022-01-18]. OCLC 222980498. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-28）（英語）.
Beaglehole, J. C. The life of Captain James Cook. London: Adam & Charles Black. 1974 [2022-01-18]. OCLC 480115019. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-20）（英語）.
Carr, Denis J. Sydney Parkinson: Artist of Cook's Endeavour Voyage. British Museum (Natural History). 1983 [2022-01-18]. ISBN 978-0-7099-0794-7. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-07）（英語）.
Elphick, Jonathan. Birds : the art of ornithology. New York : Rizzoli. 2008. ISBN 978-0-8478-3134-0.
Graves, Algernon. The Society of artists of Great Britain, 1760-1791; the Free society of artists, 1761-1783 ; a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from the foundation of the societies to 1791. London: G. Bell and sons etc. 1907 [2022-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-31）.
Joppien, Rüdiger; Smith, Bernard. The Art of Captain Cook's Voyages. Volume One. The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771. New Haven and London: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press. 1985. ISBN 0-300-03450-4. OCLC 12544694.
Lysaght, Averil M. Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766: his diary, manuscripts and collections;. London: Faber and Faber Ltd. 1971. ISBN 978-0-571-09351-9.
Lysaght, Averil M. Banks's artists and his Endeavour collections. Mitchell, T. C. (編). Captain Cook and the South Pacific. British Museum Yearbook 3. London: British Museum Publications Ltd. 1979: 9–80. ISBN 978-0-7141-0088-3.
O'Brian, Patrick. Joseph Banks : a life. Boston : D.R. Godine. 1993. ISBN 978-0-87923-930-5.
Sox, David. Sydney Parkinson (1745-1771): Quaker artist with Cook's Endeavour voyage. The Journal of the Friends Historical Society. 2002, 59 (3): 231–235 [2022-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-05）（美國英語）.

外部連結

Parkinson's posthumously published Journal, 1773 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, online at the National Library of Australia
Examples of Parkinson's drawings published in A journal of a voyage to the South Seas, in His Majesty's ship, the Endeavour, 1773. Royal Geographical Society of South Australia （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Parkinson, Sydney; Kenrick, William. A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas, in His Majesty's Ship, the Endeavour: Faithfully Transcribed from the Papers of the Late Sydney Parkinson, Draughtsman to Joseph Banks, Esq., on His Late Expedition with Dr. Solander, Round the World .... S. Parkinson. 1773 [2022-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-27）.

[1] [1]
Paul Barker, "Wide-eyes on a painted ocean", The Guardian, republished in Sydney Morning Herald, 10 July 1999, Spectrum, p. 13s

[FOOTNOTEJoppienSmith198574-2] [2]
Joppien & Smith 1985，第74頁.

[FOOTNOTEAllen2004-3] [3]
Allen 2004.

[FOOTNOTELysaght197912-4] [4]
Lysaght 1979，第12頁.

[FOOTNOTEParkinson1773vi-5] [5]
Parkinson 1773，第vi頁.

[FOOTNOTEJoppienSmith198574–75-6] [6]
Joppien & Smith 1985，第74–75頁.

[FOOTNOTELysaght197912–15-7] [7]
Lysaght 1979，第12–15頁.

[FOOTNOTECarr1983x-8] [8]
Carr 1983，第x頁.

[FOOTNOTELysaght197915-9] [9]
Lysaght 1979，第15頁.

[FOOTNOTEGraves1907189-10] [10]
Graves 1907，第189頁.

[FOOTNOTEAnderson1954-11] [11]
Anderson 1954.

[FOOTNOTESox2002231-12] [12]
Sox 2002，第231頁.

[13] [13]
Sydney Parkinson, botanical draughtsman. Enlarging the prospects of happiness: European travel writing through the ages. Online exhibition. University of Otago. [12 June 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-20）.

[zanan-14] [14]
Nadaf, Altafhusain; Zanan, Rahul. Indian Pandanaceae - an overview. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013: 5 [2022-01-18]. ISBN 978-81-322-0753-5. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-27）（英語）.

[15] [15]
Rienits, Rex. Parkinson, Sydney (1745–1771). Australian Dictionary of Biography (National Centre of Biography, Australian National University). 1967 [2022-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-30）.

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