蛋奶素主義

蛋奶素主義是一種不吃動物肉但會吃奶製品和蛋類等動物產品的素食主義。 ^[1]^[2]在西方世界，蛋奶素主義者是最常見的素食主義者。 ^[3]^[4]蛋奶素主義者主要吃水果、蔬菜、穀物、豆類、素肉、堅果、種子、大豆、奶酪、牛奶、酸奶和雞蛋。 ^[5]

宗教

在印度教和佛教等宗教中，大多數人要麼是蛋奶素主義者，要麼是奶素主義者（英語：Lacto vegetarianism）。 ^[6]

許多基督復臨安息日會信徒都是蛋奶素主義者。 ^[7]

對健康的影響

與非素食飲食相比，蛋奶素主義飲食更有好處，^[8]例如可以降低血壓^[9]、低密度脂蛋白和總膽固醇，而且可能還能降低罹患癌症和心血管疾病的風險。 ^[10]^[11]^[12]

參考文獻

[1]
Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-313-37556-9
[2]
Johanna T. Dwyer（英語：Johanna T. Dwyer）. Vegetarian Diets. In Benjamin Caballero. (2013). Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, Volume 4. Elsevier. pp. 316-322. ISBN 978-0-12-375083-9
[3]
Whorton, James. (2000). Vegetarianism （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. In K. Kiple & K. Ornelas. The Cambridge World History of Food. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1553-1564. ISBN 978-1139058643
[4]
Vegetarian (Lacto-ovo vegetarian). [2021-09-27]. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-11）.
[5]
Healthy Guidelines for Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians. [2015-04-23]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-27）.
[6]
Surveys studying food habits of Indians include: "Dairy and poultry sector growth in India" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Quote: "An analysis of consumption data originating from National Sample Survey (NSS) shows that 42 percent of households are vegetarian, in that they never eat fish, meat or eggs. The remaining 58 percent of households are less strict vegetarians or non-vegetarians." "Indian consumer patterns" and "Agri reform in India" 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2006-12-28.. Results indicate that Indians who eat meat do so infrequently with less than 30% consuming non-vegetarian foods regularly, although the reasons may be economical. 2.3 Growth and Concentration in India[6]. [November 17, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於June 26, 2015）.
[7]
A Position Statement on The Vegetarian Diet Adapted from the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Nutrition Council. SDADA. [2011-10-03]. （原始內容存檔於2012-05-29）.
[8]
Parker, Haley W; Vadiveloo, Maya K. Diet quality of vegetarian diets compared with nonvegetarian diets: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 2019, 77 (3): 144–160 [2023-11-08]. PMID 30624697. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy067 . （原始內容存檔於2024-03-03）.
[9]
Gibbs J, Gaskin E, Ji C, Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials (PDF). Journal of Hypertension. 2021, 39 (1): 23–37 [2023-11-08]. PMID 33275398. S2CID 225483653. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002604. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2023-05-30）.
[10]
Wang F, Zheng J, Yang B, Jiang J, Fu Y, Li D. Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2015, 4 (10): e002408. PMC 4845138 . PMID 26508743. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002408.
[11]
Dybvik, J.S., Svendsen, M. & Aune, D. Vegetarian and vegan diets and the risk of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. European Journal of Nutrition. 2022, 62 (1): 51–69. PMC 9899747 . PMID 36030329. S2CID 251866952. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-02942-8.
[12]
Oussalah A, Levy J, Berthezène C, Alpers DH, Guéant JL. Health outcomes associated with vegetarian diets: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PDF). Clinical Nutrition. 2020, 39 (11): 3283–3307. PMID 32204974. S2CID 213892045. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.037.

[1] [1]
Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-313-37556-9

[2] [2]
Johanna T. Dwyer（英語：Johanna T. Dwyer）. Vegetarian Diets. In Benjamin Caballero. (2013). Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, Volume 4. Elsevier. pp. 316-322. ISBN 978-0-12-375083-9

[3] [3]
Whorton, James. (2000). Vegetarianism （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. In K. Kiple & K. Ornelas. The Cambridge World History of Food. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1553-1564. ISBN 978-1139058643

[4] [4]
Vegetarian (Lacto-ovo vegetarian). [2021-09-27]. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-11）.

[5] [5]
Healthy Guidelines for Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians. [2015-04-23]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-27）.

[veg-6] [6]
Surveys studying food habits of Indians include: "Dairy and poultry sector growth in India" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Quote: "An analysis of consumption data originating from National Sample Survey (NSS) shows that 42 percent of households are vegetarian, in that they never eat fish, meat or eggs. The remaining 58 percent of households are less strict vegetarians or non-vegetarians." "Indian consumer patterns" and "Agri reform in India" 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2006-12-28.. Results indicate that Indians who eat meat do so infrequently with less than 30% consuming non-vegetarian foods regularly, although the reasons may be economical. 2.3 Growth and Concentration in India[6]. [November 17, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於June 26, 2015）.

[7] [7]
A Position Statement on The Vegetarian Diet Adapted from the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Nutrition Council. SDADA. [2011-10-03]. （原始內容存檔於2012-05-29）.

[8] [8]
Parker, Haley W; Vadiveloo, Maya K. Diet quality of vegetarian diets compared with nonvegetarian diets: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 2019, 77 (3): 144–160 [2023-11-08]. PMID 30624697. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy067 . （原始內容存檔於2024-03-03）.

[9] [9]
Gibbs J, Gaskin E, Ji C, Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials (PDF). Journal of Hypertension. 2021, 39 (1): 23–37 [2023-11-08]. PMID 33275398. S2CID 225483653. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002604. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2023-05-30）.

[10] [10]
Wang F, Zheng J, Yang B, Jiang J, Fu Y, Li D. Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2015, 4 (10): e002408. PMC 4845138 . PMID 26508743. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002408.

[11] [11]
Dybvik, J.S., Svendsen, M. & Aune, D. Vegetarian and vegan diets and the risk of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. European Journal of Nutrition. 2022, 62 (1): 51–69. PMC 9899747 . PMID 36030329. S2CID 251866952. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-02942-8.

[12] [12]
Oussalah A, Levy J, Berthezène C, Alpers DH, Guéant JL. Health outcomes associated with vegetarian diets: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PDF). Clinical Nutrition. 2020, 39 (11): 3283–3307. PMID 32204974. S2CID 213892045. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.037.

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