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本因坊道的（1669年—1690年6月13日），生於日本伊勢國松坂，本姓小川，法名日勇，日本江戶時代圍棋棋士，棋力上手（七段），本因坊家跡目，二十一歲英年早逝[參2]。
父親為小川草庵，道的自幼喜碁，拜於棋聖道策門下[參3]。十三歲時棋力達到六段[參1]，為古今最年輕的六段[參4]，與昭和棋聖吳清源、本因坊治勳並稱為圍棋史上的三大神童[參5]。與桑原道節、星合八碩、佐山策元、熊谷本碩合稱坊門五虎[參6][參7]、道策五弟子[參8]，其中道的與大弟子道節並稱「坊門雙璧」，兩人為道策最強徒弟[參4][參9]。
由於道策認為道節年紀太大[註1]，加上道的人品出色[參4][參9]，1684年道的十五歲被立為跡目。道節不滿而要求與道的對局爭跡目之位，遭到道策拒絕；不久道策的弟弟、棋四家之一井上家的家督道砂因碩由於沒有繼承人選，道節因此過繼至井上家，跡目一事因此平息[參1]。之後道的開始出賽御城碁，1685年持白擊敗安井家七段棋士安井春知；寺社奉行召見道的，將其升到上手，為圍棋界極為罕見之事[參10]。
十八歲時，已可與道策分先，雙方持黑各一目勝；1689年最後一次御城碁，對上安井家家督安井知哲持白十七目大勝，已預見是未來的名人[參2]。1690年道的染上肺病急逝，得年二十一歲；遺譜中持黑未敗，總計二十二局十五勝六敗一打掛[註2][參2]。死後葬於本因坊家歷代墓所江戶本妙寺。道的繼承了道策的道策流，留下的棋譜和勝敗紀錄，水準都很高，因此有評論認為道的是史上最強的棋士[參8][參6]。
- 1684年 對安井春知 黑七目勝
- 1685年 對安井春知 白三目勝
- 1686年 對安井春知 白五目敗
- 1687年 對安井知哲 黑13目勝
- 1688年 對安井知哲 黑12目勝
- 1689年 對安井知哲 白17目勝
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（56 = 65[註3]）
此局為1682年小川道的十三歲、六段時與道策所下，道策讓二子。道策下出很多測試手，但道的不受迷惑而中盤勝，可看出早期道的的棋力[參12]。
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此局為1682年道的讓二子獲勝後，道策嘗試與道的分先的對局，最後黑1目勝，為古譜中的名局[參13]。圖中黑1為實戰中第71手棋。
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此局為1687年道的持白對道策，道策自1670年代後期將眾多敵手降級升上名人後，就再也沒持過黑棋，此局為道策後半生唯一持黑的棋局[參14]。白棋藉由攻擊右下角而使局面細微，最後道策黑一目勝，為道的的名局[參15]。
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