沖積層沖積物在河床上的堆積,主要含有卵石砂粒粘土,有時候也會含有貴金屬或寶石。貴重的金屬可以通過淘砂的方法收集。歷史上許多寶石(特別是鑽石)都發現於印度、非洲西岸等地的卵石中,人們仍在緬甸斯里蘭卡納米比亞等地的沖積層中尋找機會。冰川也會攜帶沖積物。

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