氮(原子量:14.0067(2))共有17個已知同位素,質量數介於10-25之間,其中有2個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的氮同位素有2個,分別是14N和15N,皆為穩定同位素,其中以14N占天然氮的絕大部分,豐度為99.6%。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中,只有在實驗室製造出來過。
快速預覽 同位素, 衰變 ...
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標準原子質量(英語:Standard atomic weight) (Ar, 標準) |
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圖表
更多資訊 符號, Z ...
符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 2] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量[n 2] | |||||||||
10N | 7 | 3 | 10.04165(43) | 200(140)×10−24 s [2.3(16) MeV] |
p | 9 C |
(2−) | ||
11N | 7 | 4 | 11.02609(5) | 590(210)×10−24 s [1.58(+75−52) MeV] |
p | 10 C |
1/2+ | ||
11mN | 740(60) keV | 6.90(80)×10−22 s | 1/2− | ||||||
12N | 7 | 5 | 12.0186132(11) | 11.000(16) ms | β+ (96.5%) | 12 C |
1+ | ||
β+, α (3.5%) | 8 Be [n 4] | ||||||||
13 N [n 5] |
7 | 6 | 13.00573861(29) | 9.965(4) min | β+ | 13 C |
1/2− | ||
14 N |
7 | 7 | 14.0030740048(6) | 穩定 | 1+ | 0.99636(20) | 0.99579–0.99654 | ||
15N | 7 | 8 | 15.0001088982(7) | 穩定 | 1/2− | 0.00364(20) | 0.00346–0.00421 | ||
16N | 7 | 9 | 16.0061017(28) | 7.13(2) s | β− (99.99%) | 16 O |
2− | ||
β−, α (.001%) | 12 C | ||||||||
17N | 7 | 10 | 17.008450(16) | 4.173(4) s | β−, n (95.0%) | 16 O |
1/2− | ||
β− (4.99%) | 17 O | ||||||||
β−, α (.0025%) | 13 C | ||||||||
18N | 7 | 11 | 18.014079(20) | 622(9) ms | β− (76.9%) | 18 O |
1− | ||
β−, α (12.2%) | 14 C | ||||||||
β−, n (10.9%) | 17 O | ||||||||
19N | 7 | 12 | 19.017029(18) | 271(8) ms | β−, n (54.6%) | 18 O |
(1/2−) | ||
β− (45.4%) | 19 O | ||||||||
20N | 7 | 13 | 20.02337(6) | 130(7) ms | β−, n (56.99%) | 19O | |||
β− (43.00%) | 20O | ||||||||
21N | 7 | 14 | 21.02711(10) | 87(6) ms | β−, n (80.0%) | 20O | 1/2−# | ||
β− (20.0%) | 21O | ||||||||
22N | 7 | 15 | 22.03439(21) | 13.9(14) ms | β− (65.0%) | 22O | |||
β−, n (35.0%) | 21O | ||||||||
23N | 7 | 16 | 23.04122(32)# | 14.5(24) ms [14.1(+12−15) ms] |
β− | 23O | 1/2−# |
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氮-13
氮-14
氮-14是氮的穩定同位素之一,佔了天然氮的99.636%,是最普遍的氮同位素。
氮-14是非常少見的質子和中子數都是奇數的穩定核素(英語:Even and odd atomic nuclei#Odd proton, odd neutron)(都是七個),而且是唯一一個成為該元素最豐富同位素的奇-奇核素。每個質子和中子都貢獻了自旋±1/2,形成了自旋為1的氮-14核。
和所有原子序數超過3(鋰)的元素一樣,氮-14和氮-15在宇宙中的來源是恆星核合成,是碳氮氧循環中的一個必經核素。
氮-14是天然存在的放射性同位素碳-14的來源。在高層大氣中,一些宇宙射線造成涉及氮-14的核反應,形成碳-14,會衰變成氮-14,半衰期5730±40年。[4]
氮-15
參考文獻
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. doi:10.1038/nature24630.
- Godwin, H. Half-life of radiocarbon. Nature. 1962, 195 (4845): 984. Bibcode:1962Natur.195..984G. doi:10.1038/195984a0.
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 64th. 1983–1984: B-234.
- Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) Retrieval & Plotting. National Nuclear Data Center. [2020-08-09]. (原始內容存檔於2020-08-09).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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