梭菌屬
梭菌科的一属细菌 来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
梭菌屬（學名：Clostridium），菌體呈梭狀，又稱梭狀芽孢桿菌屬或厭氧芽孢桿菌屬，芽孢常比菌體大，是一類能產生內生孢子的厭氧性革蘭氏陽性菌。
梭菌屬廣泛分佈於自然界，以土壤中最多，芽孢圓形或橢圓形。除了產氣莢膜梭菌無鞭毛外，大多有鞭毛。大部份的梭菌屬可以水解糖、蛋白質，又可產生外毒素，成為一些疾病的原因。
該屬的模式種為丁酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum）。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種：[1]
- 不同梭菌 Clostridium absonum Nakamura et al., 1973，為Clostridium sardiniense Prévot 1938的異名
- 醋酸梭菌 Clostridium aceticum (ex Wieringa 1940) Gottschalk and Braun, 1981，丙酮丁醇桿菌，丙酮丁醇梭菌，醋酪酸梭狀芽孢桿菌，醋酪酸梭狀芽胞桿菌
- Clostridium acetireducens Örlygsson et al. 1996
- 丙酮丁醇梭桿菌 Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. 1926
- Clostridium acidisoli Kuhner et al. 2000
- Clostridium aciditolerans Lee et al. 2007
- 尿酸發酵梭狀芽胞桿菌 Clostridium acidurici (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938，尿酸梭菌，也拼作Clostridium acidiurici
- 腐氣梭狀芽胞桿菌 Clostridium aerofoetidum ，臭氣桿菌，臭氣梭菌
- 產氣梭菌 Clostridium aerogenes ，產氣梭狀芽孢桿菌
- 耐氧梭菌 Clostridium aerotolerans van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987，為Lacrimispora aerotolerans (van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987) Haas and Blanchard 2020的異名
- Clostridium aestuarii Kim et al. 2007
- Clostridium akagii Kuhner et al. 2000
- Clostridium aldenense Warren et al. 2007
- Clostridium aldrichii Yang et al. 1990
- Clostridium algidicarnis Lawson et al. 1995
- Clostridium algidixylanolyticum Broda et al. 2000
- Clostridium algifaecis Wu et al. 2014
- Clostridium algoriphilum Shcherbakova et al. 2010
- 鹼性纖維素梭菌 Clostridium alkalicellulosi Zhilina et al. 2006，異名：Clostridium alkalicellum Zhilina et al. 2006
- 亞馬遜梭菌 Clostridium amazonense O'Neal et al. 2015
- Clostridium aminophilum Paster et al. 1993
- Clostridium aminovalericum Hardman and Stadtman 1960
- Clostridium amygdalinum Parshina et al. 2003
- Clostridium amylolyticum Song and Dong 2008
- 黃水梭菌 Clostridium aquiflavi Sun et al. 2024[2]
- Clostridium arbusti Jung et al. 2010
- Clostridium arcticum (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
- 阿根廷梭菌 Clostridium argentinense Suen et al. 1988
- 產香梭狀芽孢桿菌 Clostridium aromativorans Luo et al. 2024[3]，分離自五糧液元明古窖池窖泥
- Clostridium articum (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
- Clostridium asparagiforme Mohan et al. 2007
- Clostridium aurantibutyricum Hellinger 1944
- 產乙醇梭菌 Clostridium autoethanogenum Abrini et al. 1994
- Clostridium barati (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970，異名：巴氏梭菌 Clostridium baratii (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Clostridium barkeri Stadtman et al. 1972
- Clostridium bartlettii Song et al. 2004
- 北海梭菌 Clostridium beihaiense Dong et al. 2018
- 拜氏梭菌 Clostridium beijerinckii Donker 1926
- 雙酶梭菌 Clostridium bifermentans (Weinberg and Séguin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium bolteae Song et al. 2003
- Clostridium bornimense Hahnke et al. 2014
- 肉毒桿菌 Clostridium botulinum (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium bovifaecis Zhu et al. 2018
- Clostridium bowmanii Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium bryantii Stieb and Schink 1985
- Clostridium budayi (Le Blaye and Guggenheim 1914) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium butanoliproducens Rios-Galicia et al. 2024[4]
- 丁酸梭菌 Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski 1880
- 屍毒梭菌 Clostridium cadaveris (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957
- Clostridium caenicola Shiratori et al. 2009
- 溫泉梭菌 Clostridium caldaquaticum Lv et al. 2023[5]
- Clostridium caminithermale Brisbarre et al. 2003
- 食一氧化碳梭菌 Clostridium carboxidivorans Liou et al. 2005
- Clostridium carnis (Klein 1904) Spray 1939
- Clostridium cavendishii Bowman et al. 2010
- Clostridium celatum Hauschild and Holdeman 1974
- Clostridium celerecrescens Palop et al. 1989
- Clostridium cellobioparum Hungate 1944
- Clostridium cellulofermentans He et al. 1991
- Clostridium cellulolyticum Petitdemange et al. 1984
- Clostridium cellulosi He et al. 1991
- Clostridium cellulovorans Sleat et al. 1985
- Clostridium chartatabidum Kelly et al. 1996，瘤胃纖維分解細菌
- 氣腫疽梭菌 Clostridium chauvoei (Arloing et al. 1887) Scott 1928，鳴疽梭狀芽孢桿菌，肖氏芽孢梭菌
- Clostridium chromiireducens Inglett et al. 2011
- Clostridium citroniae Warren et al. 2007
- Clostridium clariflavum Shiratori et al. 2009
- 梭狀梭菌 Clostridium clostridioforme (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976，也拼作：Clostridium clostridiiforme
- Clostridium coccoides Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium cochlearium (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium cocleatum Kaneuchi et al. 1979
- Clostridium colicanis Greetham et al. 2003
- 鵪鶉梭菌 Clostridium colinum (ex Berkhoff et al. 1974) Berkhoff 1985
- Clostridium collagenovorans Jain and Zeikus 1988
- Clostridium combesii (Prévot and Laplanche 1947) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium composti Shin et al. 2018
- 克薩氏梭菌 Clostridium coskatii Flüchter et al. 2019，一種新的產乙醇梭菌屬物種
- 柱盤孢梭菌 Clostridium cylindrosporum (ex Barker and Beck 1942) Andreesen et al. 1985
- 艱難梭菌 Clostridium difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938
- Clostridium diolis Biebl and Spröer 2003
- Clostridium disporicum Horn 1987
- 德可氏梭菌 Clostridium drakei Liou et al. 2005
- Clostridium durum Smith and Cato 1974
- Clostridium estertheticum Collins et al. 1993
- 譎詐梭菌 Clostridium fallax (Weinberg and Séguin 1915) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium felsineum (Carbone and Tombolato 1917) Bergey et al. 1939
- Clostridium fermenticellae Xu et al. 2019
- Clostridium fervidum Patel et al. 1987，也拼作：Clostridium fervidus
- Clostridium fessum Seo et al. 2020
- Clostridium fimetarium Kotsyurbenko et al. 1997
- Clostridium folliculivorans Tazawa et al. 2023[6]
- 自養乙酸梭菌 Clostridium formicaceticum Andreesen et al. 1970，也拼作：Clostridium formicoaceticum
- Clostridium frigidicarnis Broda et al. 1999
- Clostridium frigoris Spring et al. 2003
- 母雞梭菌 Clostridium gallinarum Pallen 2024[7]
- 江華梭菌 Clostridium ganghwense Kim et al. 2006
- Clostridium gasigenes Broda et al. 2000
- Clostridium gelidum Honma et al. 2022[8]
- Clostridium ghonii Prévot 1938，也拼作：Clostridium ghoni
- 乙二醇梭菌 Clostridium glycolicum Gaston and Stadtman 1963
- Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum Sakuma et al. 2006
- Clostridium grantii Mountfort et al. 1996
- 廣西梭菌 Clostridium guangxiense Zhao et al. 2017
- 溶血梭菌 Clostridium haemolyticum (Hall 1929) Scott et al. 1935
- Clostridium halophilium Fendrich et al. 1991
- Clostridium halophilum corrig. Fendrich et al. 1991
- 矛形梭菌 Clostridium hastiforme MacLennan 1939，哈氏梭菌
- Clostridium hathewayi Steer et al. 2002
- Clostridium herbivorans Varel et al. 1995
- Clostridium hiranonis Kitahara et al. 2001
- 溶組織梭菌 Clostridium histolyticum (Weinberg and Séguin 1916) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium homopropionicum Dörner and Schink 1991
- Clostridium huakuii Ruan et al. 2014，以對中國土壤微生物學做出貢獻的微生物學家陳華癸的名字命名
- Clostridium hungatei Monserrate et al. 2001
- Clostridium hydrogeniformans Bowman et al. 2010
- Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum Zhang et al. 1994
- Clostridium hylemonae Kitahara et al. 2000
- 印度梭菌 Clostridium indicum Gundawar et al. 2019
- Clostridium indolis McClung and McCoy 1957
- 無害梭菌 Clostridium innocuum Smith and King 1962，無害芽胞梭菌
- Clostridium intestinale corrig. Lee et al. 1989
- Clostridium intestinalis Lee et al. 1989
- Clostridium irregulare (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938 ，也拼作：Clostridium irregularis
- Clostridium isatidis Padden et al. 1999
- 吉達梭菌 Clostridium jeddahense Lagier et al. 2016
- 濟州梭菌 Clostridium jejuense Jeong et al. 2004
- Clostridium josui Sukhumavasi et al. 1988
- 克氏梭菌 Clostridium kluyveri Barker and Taha 1942
- Clostridium lactatifermentans van der Wielen et al. 2002
- Clostridium lacusfryxellense Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium laramie Kalchayanand et al. 1993
- Clostridium laramiense corrig. Kalchayanand et al. 1993
- Clostridium lavalense Domingo et al. 2009
- Clostridium lentocellum Murray et al. 1987
- Clostridium lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger 1934
- Clostridium leptum Moore et al. 1976
- 泥渣梭菌 Clostridium limosum André 1948
- Clostridium liquoris Yin et al. 2016
- Clostridium litorale Fendrich et al. 1991
- Clostridium lituseburense (Laplanche and Saissac 1948) McClung and McCoy 1957
- Clostridium ljungdahlii Tanner et al. 1993
- Clostridium lortetii Oren 1984
- Clostridium lundense Cirne et al. 2006
- Clostridium luticellarii Wang et al. 2015
- Clostridium magnum Schink 1984
- Clostridium malenominatum (Weinberg et al. 1937) Spray 1948
- Clostridium mangenotii (Prévot and Zimmès-Chaverou 1947) McClung and McCoy 1957
- 最大梭菌 Clostridium maximum (Lindner 1888) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium mayombei Kane et al. 1992
- Clostridium merdae Ndongo et al. 2017[9]
- 食甲氧基苯甲酸梭菌 Clostridium methoxybenzovorans Mechichi et al. 1999
- Clostridium methylpentosum Himelbloom and Canale-Parola 1989
- Clostridium moniliforme (Repaci 1910) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium neonatale Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium neopropionicum Tholozan et al. 1995
- Clostridium neuense Zhao et al. 2017
- Clostridium nexile Holdeman and Moore 1974
- Clostridium nitritogenes (Prévot 1940) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium nitrophenolicum Suresh et al. 2007
- 諾氏梭菌 Clostridium novyi (Migula 1900) Bergey et al. 1923，諾維氏梭菌，諾威氏梭狀芽孢桿菌
- Clostridium oceanicum Smith 1970
- Clostridium omnivorum Ueki et al. 2024[10]
- Clostridium orbiscindens Winter et al. 1991
- Clostridium oroticum (Wachsman and Barker 1954) Cato et al. 1968
- Clostridium oryzae Horino et al. 2015
- Clostridium oxalicum Dehning and Schink 1990
- Clostridium pabulibutyricum Kobayashi et al. 2017
- Clostridium papyrosolvens Madden et al. 1982
- Clostridium paradoxum Li et al. 1993
- Clostridium paraperfringens Nakamura et al. 1970
- 類腐敗梭菌 Clostridium paraputrificum (Bienstock 1906) Snyder 1936，副胞梭菌
- Clostridium pascui Wilde et al. 1997
- 巴氏梭菌 Clostridium pasteurianum Winogradsky 1895，巴氏芽孢梭菌
- Clostridium peptidivorans Mechichi et al. 2000
- Clostridium perenne (Prévot 1940) McClung and McCoy 1957
- 產氣莢膜梭菌 Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937
- Clostridium phytofermentans Warnick et al. 2002
- 毛狀梭菌 Clostridium piliforme (ex Tyzzer 1917) Duncan et al. 1993
- Clostridium polyendosporum (Duda et al. 1996) Rainey et al. 2016
- 法屬波利尼西亞梭菌 Clostridium polynesiense Sankar et al. 2023[11]
- Clostridium polysaccharolyticum (van Gylswyk 1981) van Gylswyk et al. 1983
- Clostridium populeti Sleat and Mah 1985
- Clostridium prolinivorans Huang et al. 2020
- Clostridium propionicum Cardon and Barker 1946
- Clostridium proteoclasticum Attwood et al. 1996
- Clostridium proteolyticum Jain and Zeikus 1988
- Clostridium psychrophilum Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium punense Lanjekar et al. 2015
- Clostridium puniceum Lund et al. 1981
- Clostridium purinilyticum corrig. Dürre et al. 1981
- Clostridium purinolyticum Dürre et al. 1981
- Clostridium putrefaciens (McBryde 1911) Sturges and Drake 1927
- Clostridium putrificum (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922
- Clostridium quercicolum Stankewich et al. 1971
- Clostridium quinii Svensson et al. 1995
- 拉氏梭菌 Clostridium ragsdalei ，拉格斯代爾梭菌
- 多枝梭菌 Clostridium ramosum (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman et al. 1971
- Clostridium rectum (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972
- Clostridium roseum (ex McCoy and McClung 1935) Cato et al. 1988
- Clostridium saccharobutylicum Keis et al. 2001
- Clostridium saccharogumia Clavel et al. 2007
- Clostridium saccharolyticum Murray et al. 1982
- Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum Keis et al. 2001
- Clostridium sardiniense corrig. Prévot 1938
- Clostridium sardiniensis Prévot 1938
- Clostridium sartagoforme corrig. Partansky and Henry 1935
- Clostridium sartagoformum Partansky and Henry 1935
- Clostridium saudiense Angelakis et al. 2016，也拼作：Clostridium saudii
- Clostridium scatologenes (Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927) Prévot 1948
- Clostridium schirmacherense Alam et al. 2006
- 閃爍梭菌 Clostridium scindens Morris et al. 1985
- 塞內加爾梭菌 Clostridium senegalense Mishra et al. 2015
- 敗毒梭菌 Clostridium septicum (Macé 1889) Ford 1927
- 索氏梭菌 Clostridium sordellii (Hall and Scott 1927) Prévot 1938
- 楔形梭菌 Clostridium sphenoides (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium spiroforme Kaneuchi et al. 1979，為Thomasclavelia spiroformis (Kaneuchi et al. 1979) Lawson et al. 2023的異名
- 生孢梭菌 Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium sporosphaeroides Soriano and Soriano 1948
- Clostridium stercorarium Madden 1983
- Clostridium sticklandii Stadtman and McClung 1957
- Clostridium straminisolvens Kato et al. 2004
- 近端梭菌 Clostridium subterminale (Hall and Whitehead 1927) Spray 1948
- Clostridium sufflavum Nishiyama et al. 2009
- Clostridium sulfidigenes Sallam and Steinbüchel 2009
- Clostridium swellfunianum Liu et al. 2015
- Clostridium symbiosum (Stevens 1956) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium tagluense Suetin et al. 2009
- Clostridium tarantellae (Udey et al. 1977) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium tepidiprofundi Slobodkina et al. 2008
- Clostridium tepidum Dobritsa et al. 2017
- Clostridium termitidis Hethener et al. 1992
- 第三梭菌 Clostridium tertium (Henry 1917) Bergey et al. 1923
- 破傷風梭菌 Clostridium tetani (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1923，破傷風芽孢梭菌
- Clostridium tetanomorphum (ex Bulloch et al. 1919) Wilde et al. 1989
- Clostridium thermaceticum corrig. Fontaine et al. 1942
- Clostridium thermarum Liu et al. 2021
- Clostridium thermautotrophicum Wiegel et al. 1982
- 熱醋酸梭菌 Clostridium thermoaceticum Fontaine et al. 1942
- 熱嗜酸梭菌 Clostridium thermoacidophilus
- 熱產氣梭菌 Clostridium thermoaerogenes
- 嗜熱鹼梭菌 Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum Li et al. 1994
- Clostridium thermoautotrophicum Wiegel et al. 1982
- 熱丁酸梭菌 Clostridium thermobutyricum Wiegel et al. 1989，丁酸梭菌
- 熱介纖維素梭菌 Clostridium thermocellulaseum
- 熱纖梭菌 Clostridium thermocellum Viljoen et al. 1926
- Clostridium thermocopriae Jin et al. 1988
- 溫水硫磺梭菌 Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965
- 嗜熱乳酸梭菌 Clostridium thermolacticum Le Ruyet et al. 1988，熱乳梭菌
- 熱棕櫚梭菌 Clostridium thermopalmarium Soh et al. 1991，帕姆酒耐熱梭菌
- Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum Méndez et al. 1991
- 嗜熱梭菌 Clostridium thermophilum
- 熱腐梭菌 Clostridium thermoputrificum
- 嗜熱化糖梭狀芽胞桿菌 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum McClung 1935
- Clostridium thermosuccinogenes Drent et al. 1995
- Clostridium thermosulfurigenes corrig. Schink and Zeikus 1983
- Clostridium thermosulfurogenes Schink and Zeikus 1983
- Clostridium thiosulfatireducens Hernández-Eugenio et al. 2002
- 酪丁酸梭菌 Clostridium tyrobutyricum van Beynum and Pette 1935
- Clostridium uliginosum Matthies et al. 2001
- 烏爾蒂納梭菌 Clostridium ultunense Schnürer et al. 1996
- Clostridium ventriculi (Goodsir 1842) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium villosum Love et al. 1979
- Clostridium vincentii Mountfort et al. 1997
- 綠梭菌 Clostridium viride Buckel et al. 1995
- Clostridium vulturis Paek et al. 2015
- 魏氏梭狀芽孢桿菌 Clostridium welchii
- Clostridium xylanolyticum Rogers and Baecker 1991
- Clostridium xylanovorans Mechichi et al. 2000
參考文獻
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