成對比較(英語:Pairwise comparison)用於確定兩件事之間哪個更好,對於每個可能的對象做比對。在某些情況下,兩者可能同樣好。成對比較用於研究偏好。
每當在兩件事之間表達偏好時,就可以進行成對比較。 如果例如兩個選擇分別是x和y ,以下這三個成對比較是可能的:
x優於y :「 x>y" 或 "xPy"
y優於x:「 y>x" 或 "yPx"
x和y一樣好:「 x=y「 或 "xIy"
對於給定的決策代理,傳遞性規則如下:
如果xPy並且滿足yPz,則xPz
如果xPy並且滿足yIz,則xPz
如果xIy並且滿足yPz,則xPz
如果xIy並且滿足yIz,則xIz
成對比較的一個重要應用是受到廣泛使用的層級分析法,這種方法將複雜的問題系統化,幫助人們處理複雜的決策。它使用有形和無形因素的成對比較來構建可幫助決策的比率量表[1][2]
層次分析法
偏好(經濟學)
孔多塞法: 這種方法將每個選項與所有其他的選項成對比較確定多數人的偏好
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