恩紹定理(Earnshaw's theorem)指出點粒子集不能被穩定維持在僅由電荷的靜電相互作用構成的一個穩定靜止的力學平衡結構。該定理首次被英國數學家塞繆爾·恩紹於1842年證明。該定理通常被用於磁場中,但該定理最初被應用於靜電場中。該定理適用於經典平方反比定律的力(靜電力和引力),同時也適用於磁鐵和順磁性材料或者其它任意組合(但非抗磁性材料)的磁場力。
介紹
通俗地講,一個點電荷在任意一個靜電場的情況是高斯定律的一個簡單結果。市售磁浮陀螺未違反此定律,因爲磁浮陀螺在旋轉的時候有進動,而非靜止。 在拘束粒子的極高能和及低能實驗中,必須使用隨時間改變的電場或隨空間改變的磁場來平均而言的限制粒子的活動,前者如對撞機物理的環形加速器、後者如量子資訊實驗的低溫離子井。
參見
參考文獻
- Earnshaw, Samuel. On the Nature of the Molecular Forces which Regulate the Constitution of the Luminiferous Ether. Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 1842, 7: 97–112.
- Scott, W. T. Who Was Earnshaw?. American Journal of Physics. 1959, 27: 418. Bibcode:1959AmJPh..27..418S. doi:10.1119/1.1934886.
外部連結
- "Is magnetic levitation possible?", a discussion of Earnshaw's theorem and its consequences for levitation, along with several ways to levitate with electromagnetic fields
- Biography and other information about Samuel Earnshaw
- The true story of the levitating frog (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.