弧菌屬(學名:Vibrio)是一屬革蘭氏陰性菌,屬兼性厭氧菌。弧菌屬多存在於水中,其中有許多種類具有致病性,例如:創傷弧菌、霍亂弧菌及腸炎弧菌等等。在型態上,弧菌呈直桿或彎曲的短桿狀,其大小約為1.4~2.6μm × 0.3~0.5μm;不形成內孢子,藉一或多根極鞭毛運動。弧菌需藉由鈉離子刺激成長,且為絕對必須性。此外弧菌對化合物2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine phosphate(0/129)具感受性,DNAmol% G+C 38~51。
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弧菌在自然環境中,普遍存在於海洋、河口與水生生物體;其中許多弧菌不但為魚蝦貝類的病原菌株,有些甚至對人類亦具致病性,引致腸胃炎。
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