前希臘語底層包含一種或多種史前不明前印歐語[可疑],是在原始希臘語人群於青銅時代到來之前就分佈在希臘半島的語言。希臘語有一千個左右難以追溯到原始印歐語的詞彙,可能就是從這樣的語言借來的。
基於地名和詞彙證據,一般認為希臘半島和小亞細亞西部在邁錫尼希臘語和安那托利亞語族(赫梯語和盧維語)之前還曾分佈過一些語言。學者們為解釋這一現象,提出了許多假說。[3]
許多學者認為,古希臘語和安納托利亞語族共享的底層是一種與盧維語有關的印歐語,[5]留下了小亞細亞西部常見的以-ssa、-nda結尾的地名和希臘半島常見的以-ssos、-nthos結尾的地名。例如,希臘帕納索斯山的名字,在盧維語中就可以解釋為parna-(「房子」) 接領屬後綴-ssa-。赫梯語和盧維語文獻同樣記載了可能有關的地名Parnassa。哲學家馬丁·利奇菲爾德·韋斯特把這個地名的源語言稱作「帕納索斯語」,認為「從色雷斯平行地南下了一批人,他們在愛琴海東成為安納托利亞人,1500年後成為盧維人。」從地名的分佈上可以觀察到,這種語言的通行時間大約在始於約公元前2800年的早期希臘文明 II時期。
- 日耳曼底層假說
- 蓋爾語底層假說
- 歐洲古水名學
- 吠陀梵語的底層
Leonard R. Palmer等人進一步假設,線形文字A記錄的可能就是盧維語。當然,也可能是其他安納托利亞語言。
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