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對照語言學（英語：contrastive linguistics）是旨在比較分析兩種語言之間的共同點和差異的實踐語言學。
和比較語言學不同的是，對照語言學不考慮歷史的觀點，是在同樣時間和空間（「共時」）純粹進行語言對照，而比較語言學是站在歷史的角度對語言進行比較。另外，比較語言學以音韻和詞彙為主要研究對象，對照語言學主要以包含詞形成的語法為主要研究對象。
- Di Pietro, R.J. (1971) Language Structures in Contrast, Newbury House.
- Hartmann, R.R.K. (1991) "Contrastive linguistics and bilingual lexicography", in Woerterbuecher/Dictionaries/Dictionnaires. International Encyclopedia of Lexicography ed. by F.J. Hausmann et al. (Vol. III, pp. 2854–2859), De Gruyter.
- Hartmann, R.R.K. (1997) "From contrastive textology to parallel text corpora: Theory and applications", in Language History and Linguistic Modelling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak ed. by R. Hickey & S. Puppel. De Gruyter.
- Hatim, B. (1997) Communication across Cultures. Translation Theory and Contrastive Text Linguistics, University of Exeter Press.
- Heltai, P. (1988) "Contrastive analysis of terminological systems and bilingual technical dictionaries", International Journal of Lexicography Vol. 1(1) pp. 32–40.
- König, E. & V. Gast (2007). Understanding English-German Contrasts. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
- Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures: Applied linguistics for language teachers. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor,.
- Vinay, J.P. & Darbelnet, J. (1958) Stylistique Comparée du Français et de l'Anglais, Didier-Harrap.
- Вып. XXV. Контрастивная лингвистика. Новое в зарубежной лингвистике. М.: Прогресс. Сост.: В. П. Нерознак, В. Г. Гак. 1989 （俄語）. （俄文）
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