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生平
桀身體強壯,能夠赤手空拳搏虎豹。後世的文獻將他描述成一個昏君:他寵信王后妺喜,對政事不聞不問之餘,還大量殘殺忠良,以炮烙殺大臣關龍逢[1]。《通鑑外紀》記載:「桀作瑤台,罷民力,殫民財。為酒池糟堤,縱靡靡之樂,一鼓而牛飲者三千人。」結果商湯起兵,〈湯誓〉說:「有夏多罪,天命殛之」,於是桀逃到鳴條(今山西安邑);在鳴條之戰,桀戰敗,夏朝就此滅亡[2]。之後,他被流放至南巢(今安徽省巢湖市)[3]。桀哀嘆說:「孤悔不遂殺湯於夏台使至此。」不久病死,後世有「殷鑑不遠,在夏后之世」的說法。
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後代
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參見
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參考文獻
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