墨頭魚屬（學名：Garra）為輻鰭魚綱鯉形目鯉科[1]野鯪亞科（Labeoninae）[2][3]的一個屬，常用於水族缸內以清除缸內生長的藍藻。儘管本屬物種的絕大部份（超過100個物種）原生於亞洲，當中有五分之一物種分佈於非洲（但只限於東中及西非，不包括北非及南部非洲），當中以埃塞俄比亞的物種多樣性最高。
墨頭魚屬
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Garra rufa | |
科學分類 
| |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 輻鰭魚綱 Actinopteri |
| 目： | 鯉形目 Cypriniformes |
| 科： | 鯉科 Cyprinidae |
| 亞科： | 野鯪亞科 Labeoninae |
| 屬： | 墨頭魚屬 Garra F. Hamilton, 1822 |
| 模式種 | |
| Garra rufa Heckel, 1843
| |
| 異名 | |
|
Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912 | |
本屬由蘇格蘭自然學家弗朗西斯·布坎南-漢密爾頓（Francis Buchanan-Hamilton）於1822年建立，作為鯉屬之下的一個亞屬，未有指定模式屬。
物種
現時本屬有物種122種，分別如下：
- Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921
- 埃塞俄比亞墨頭魚 Garra aethiopica Pellegrin, 1927
- 異口墨頭魚 Garra allostoma T. R. Roberts, 1990
- 高體墨頭魚 Garra alticorpora Chu et Cui
- Garra alticaputus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013[4]
- 安氏墨頭魚 Garra annandalei Hora, 1921(Annandale garra)
- Garra apogon Norman, 1925
- Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013[5]
- Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009[6]
- 巴氏墨頭魚 Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra barreimiae barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra barreimiae shawkahensis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977
- Garra bibarbatus V. H. Nguyễn, 2001
- 雙角墨頭魚 Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920(Tunga garra)
- Garra bimaculacauda Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 [6]
- Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013[5]
- Garra bisangularis Z. M. Chen, X. Y. Wu & H. Xiao, 2010
- 雙刺墨頭魚 Garra bispinosa E. Zhang, 2005
- Garra blanfordii Boulenger, 1901
- 博尼墨頭魚 Garra borneensis Vaillant, 1902
- Garra bourreti Pellegrin, 1928
- Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983
- 條紋墨頭魚 Garra cambodgiensis Tirant, 1883(Cambodian logsucker),坎寶墨頭魚
- 紋尾盆唇魚 Garra caudofasciatus
- 斯里蘭卡墨頭魚 Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863(Ceylon logsucker)
- Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015[7]
- Garra chebera Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010
- Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998
- 剛果墨頭魚 Garra congoensis Poll, 1959(Congo logsucker)
- 缺鬚盆唇魚 Garra cryptonemus
- Garra cyclostomata Đ. Y. Mai, 1978
- Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000
- Garra dampaensis Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013[8]
- Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- 登比墨頭魚 Garra dembeensis Rüppell, 1835(Cameroon logsucker)
- Garra dulongensis
- 鄧氏墨頭魚 Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987
- Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- 長身墨頭魚 Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000
- Garra emarginata Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011[9]
- 埃氏墨頭魚 Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958
- 條尾墨頭魚 Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937
- 裂唇墨頭魚 Garra findolabium F. L. Li, W. Zhou & Q. Fu, 2008
- 費氏墨頭魚 Garra fisheri Fowler, 1937
- 熊貓墨頭魚 Garra flavatra S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra fluviatilis Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016[10]
- 泰國墨頭魚 Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
- Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- 約旦墨頭魚 Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982(Jordanian logsucker)
- Garra gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830
- 戈泰墨頭魚 Garra gotyla gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830(Sucker head)
- Garra gotyla stenorhynchus Jerdon, 1849(Nilgiris garra)
- 細墨頭魚 Garra gracilis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936
- 溝額墨頭魚 Garra gravelyi Annandale, 1919
- 海南墨頭魚 Garra hainanensis Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983
- Garra hindii Boulenger, 1905
- 休氏墨頭魚 Garra hughi Silas, 1955(Cardamon garra)
- 伊氏墨頭魚 Garra ignestii Gianferrari, 1925
- Garra imbarbatus V. H. Nguyễn, 2001
- 無鬚墨頭魚 Garra imberba Garman, 1912，高體墨頭魚
- 無髯墨頭魚 Garra imberbis Vinciguerra, 1890
- Garra incisorbis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2016[11]
- Garra jaldhakaensis Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das, 2021[12]
- 喬丹墨頭魚 Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014[13]
- 克拉肯德墨頭魚 Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993
- Garra kalpangi Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012[14]
- 西藏墨頭魚 Garra kempi Hora, 1921(Kemp garra)
- Garra khawbungi Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014[15]
- Garra kimini Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013[4]
- 越南墨頭魚 Garra laichowensis V. H. Nguyễn & L. H. Doan, 1969
- 墨頭魚 Garra lamta F. Hamilton, 1822
- 蘭克墨頭魚 Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960
- Garra lautior Banister, 1987
- 裸吻墨頭魚 Garra lissorhynchus McClelland, 1842(Khasi garra)
- 利頓河墨頭魚 Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993
- 長鰭墨頭魚 Garra longipinnis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977
- Garra lorestanensis Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016[16]
- Garra magnidiscus Tamang, 2013[17]
- 密金墨頭魚 Garra makiensis Boulenger, 1904
- Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983
- 曼尼普河墨頭魚 Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988
- 麥氏墨頭魚 Garra mcclellandi Jerdon, 1849(Cauvery garra)
- Garra menoni Rema Devi & Indra, 1984
- 小墊墨頭魚 Garra micropulvinus W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005
- Garra minimus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013[4]
- 奇額墨頭魚 Garra mirofrontis X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987
- Garra mlapparaensis Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011[9]
- 馬耶墨頭魚 Garra mullya Sykes, 1839(Mullya garra)
- 那加墨頭魚 Garra naganensis Hora, 1921(Naga garra)
- Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005
- Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012[18][19]
- 長鬚墨頭魚 Garra nasuta McClelland, 1838(Nose logsucker)
- Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014[20]
- Garra nigricauda Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013[4]
- Garra nigricollis S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- 顯赫墨頭魚 Garra notata Blyth, 1860(Tenasserim garra)
- Garra nujiangensis Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009
- 東方墨頭魚 Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925
- 飾妝墨頭魚 Garra ornata Nichols & Griscom, 1917
- Garra palaruvica Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013[21]
- Garra panitvongi Tangjitjaroen, Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page, 2023 [22]
- Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005
- Garra parastenorhynchus Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 [6]
- Garra periyarensis Gopi, 2001
- 伊朗墨頭魚 Garra persica L. S. Berg, 1914
- 菲氏墨頭魚 Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala, 1933(Philipps' garra)
- Garra pingi
- 墨頭魚 Garra pingi subsp. pingi Tchang
- Garra poecilura S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra poilanei Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933
- Garra propulvinus S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- 橋街墨頭魚 Garra qiaojiensis H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977
- Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013[5]
- 四斑墨頭魚 Garra quadrimaculata Rüppell, 1835：又稱蒂巴墨頭魚。
- Garra rakhinica S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra rezai Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022[23]
- 羅氏墨頭魚 Garra robertsi R. J. Thoni & Mayden, 2015[24]
- 露西卡墨頭魚 Garra rossica A. M. Nikolskii, 1900
- 圓鼻墨頭魚 Garra rotundinasus E. Zhang, 2006
- 淡紅墨頭魚 Garra rufa Heckel, 1843(Reddish logsucker)
- 岩間墨頭魚 Garra rupecula McClelland, 1839(Mishmi garra)
- Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983
- Garra sahilia gharbia Krupp, 1983
- Garra sahilia sahilia Krupp, 1983
- 薩爾溫墨頭魚 Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
- Garra smarti Krupp & Budd, 2009
- 雜斑墨頭魚 Garra spilota S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra surendranathanii Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996
- Garra surinbinnani [25]
- 條紋墨頭魚 Garra taeniata Smith
- Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- 騰衝墨頭魚 Garra tengchongensis E. Zhang & Yi-Yu Chen, 2002
- Garra tashanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016[26]
- Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998
- Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941[13]
- 特氏墨頭魚 Garra trewavasai Monod, 1950
- Garra tyao Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014[15]
- Garra ukhrulensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015[7]
- Garra variabilis Heckel, 1843
- Garra vittatula S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014[27]
- 旺氏墨頭魚 Garra wanae Regan, 1914
- 瓦氏墨頭魚 Garra waterloti Pellegrin, 1935
- 彝良墨頭魚 Garra yiliangensis H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977，宜良墨頭魚
參考文獻
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