艾克哈特大師

艾克哈特大師（德語：Meister Eckhart），本名艾克哈特·馮·霍赫海姆（德語：Eckhart von Hochheim），或稱約翰尼斯·艾克哈特（德語：Johannes Eckhart），是一位德國神學家、哲學家和神秘主義者，出生在神聖羅馬帝國圖林根州的Landgraviate。十多歲時便加入道明會並任高級職務。作為佈道者他效力極高，其講道方法給同時代人和後來者留下了極深刻的印象。對於德語哲學術語的創製也作出重大貢獻。其關注的最主要問題是日常生活中持續精神實踐的原理的傳播。他非傳統的，有時甚至是挑釁性的言論常常與當時的普遍信仰相牴觸，故而引起了轟動。比如他認為，「靈魂的根基」不像所有的動物是被上帝所創造的，但是神聖的，非受造的。靈的的原因即神性，是瞬間表現的。^{[note 1]}

艾克哈特·馮·霍赫海姆
出生	約在1260年 神聖羅馬帝國哥達附近
逝世	1327或1328 可能在亞維農
別名	"Meister Eckhart" (艾克哈特大師)
時代	中世紀哲學
地區	西方哲學
受影響於 聖經, 偽狄奧尼修斯, 奧古斯丁, 普羅克洛, 艾爾伯圖斯·麥格努斯, 伊本·西那, 托馬斯·阿奎那, 聖文德, School of Saint Victor（英語：School of Saint Victor）, 約翰內斯·司各特·愛留根納
影響於 John Tauler（英語：John Tauler）, 亨利·蘇瑟, 庫薩的尼各老, 海德格, Eckhart Tolle

教皇約翰二十二世將他列為異端，他反駁了這些指控。據說他在正式判決之前死亡，雖然沒有發現過他的埋葬地點，沒有死亡記錄。

延伸閱讀

• Jeanne Ancelet-Hustache, Master Eckhart and the Rhineland Mystics, New York and London: Harper and Row/ Longmans, 1957.
• Leonardo Vittorio Arena, The Shadows of the Masters, ebook, 2013.
• James M. Clark, The Great German Mystics, New York: Russell and Russell, 1970 (reprint of Basil Blackwell edition, Oxford: 1949.)
• James M. Clark, trans., Henry Suso: Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Little Book of Truth, London: Faber, 1953.
• Cesare Catà, Il Cardinale e l'Eretico. Nicola Cusano e il problema della eredità "eterodossa" di Meister Eckhart nel suo pensiero, in "Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies", UCLA University, Volume 41, No.2 (2010), pp. 269–291.
• Oliver Davies, God Within: The Mystical Tradition of Northern Europe, London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1988.
• Oliver Davies, Meister Eckhart: Mystical Theologian, London: SPCK, 1991.
• Eckardus Theutonicus, homo doctus et sanctus, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1993.
• Robert K. Forman, Meister Eckhart: Mystic as Theologian, Rockport, Massachusetts/Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element Books, 1991.
• Gundolf Gieraths, O.P., '"Life in Abundance: Meister Eckhart and the German Dominican Mystics of the 14th Century", Spirituality Today Supplement, Autumn, 1986.
• Joel F. Harrington, 「Dangerous Mystic: Meister Eckhart’s Path to the God Within」, New York: Penguin Press, 2018.
• Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy: An Interpretation of the Great Mystics, East and West, New York: HarperCollins, 1945.
• Amy Hollywood, The Soul as Virgin Wife: Mechthild of Magdeburg, Marguerite Porete, and Meister Eckhart, Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996.
• Rufus Jones, The Flowering of Mysticism in the Fourteenth Century, New York: Hafner Publishing Co., 1971 (facsimile of 1939 ed.).
• Bernard McGinn, "Eckhart's Condemnation Reconsidered" in The Thomist, vol. 44, 1980.
• Bernard McGinn, ed., Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete, New York: Continuum, 1994.
• Ben Morgan. On Becoming God: Late Medieval Mysticism and the Modern Western Self. New York: Fordham UP, 2013.
• Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Vol. II, ISBN 0-486-21762-0
• Cyprian Smith, The Way of Paradox: Spiritual Life as Taught by Meister Eckhart, New York: Paulist Press, 1988.
• Frank Tobin, Meister Eckhart: Thought and Language, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986.
• Denys Turner, The Darkness of God: Negativity in Christian Mysticism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
• Winfried Trusen, Der Prozess gegen Meister Eckhart, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1988.
• Andrew Weeks, German Mysticism from Hildegard of Bingen to Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Literary and Intellectual History, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
• Richard Woods, O.P., Eckhart's Way, Wilmington, Delaware: Glazier, 1986 (Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 1991).
• Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: The Gospel of Peace and Justice, Tape Cassette Program, Chicago: Center for Religion & Society, 1993.
• Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: Master of Mystics (London, Continuum, 2010).
• Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh, Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart, London and New York: Routledge, 2016.

備注

1. Meister 是「大師」的德文，意指他在巴黎獲得的學銜「神學碩士」

外部連結

• Eckhart Triebel: Meister Eckhart und seine Zeit （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）（艾克哈特大師和他的時代 - 德語）
• Eckhart Triebel: Meister Eckhart Bibliographie seit 1995 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） 艾克哈特大師自 1995 年以來的參考書目）