四肢癱瘓

四肢癱瘓被定義為頸椎受損導致喪失運動控制和/或感官能力或功能障礙。喪失運動控制能力可能使到手、腳、軀幹和骨盆的活動變弱甚至癱瘓，而癱瘓亦有可能屬弛緩性或痙攣性^[1]。喪失感官能力則可能導致部分或全部對輕觸、壓力、熱力、針刺、疼痛的感覺的喪失^[2]。

四肢癱瘓是由大腦或脊髓的高度損傷引起的。這種損傷被稱為病變，會導致所有四個肢體（即手臂和腿）部分或全部功能喪失。這種損傷的典型原因是外傷（例如交通事故、跳入淺水、跌倒、運動創傷）、疾病（例如橫貫性脊髓炎、吉巴氏綜合症、多發性硬化症或脊髓灰質炎）或先天性障礙（例如肌肉萎縮症）^[3]。

[1]
Adams MM, Hicks AL. Spasticity after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. October 2005, 43 (10): 577–586. PMID 15838527. S2CID 2659838. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101757 .
[2]
Rupp R, Biering-Sørensen F, Burns SP, Graves DE, Guest J, Jones L, et al. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: Revised 2019. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 2021-03-01, 27 (2): 1–22. PMC 8152171 . PMID 34108832. doi:10.46292/sci2702-1.
[3]
McDonald JW, Sadowsky C. Spinal-cord injury. Lancet. February 2002, 359 (9304): 417–425. PMID 11844532. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07603-1 （English）.

Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S, Zanca JM, Natale A, Mumma S, et al. The SCIRehab project: treatment time spent in SCI rehabilitation. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2011, 34 (2): 149–61. PMC 3066500 . PMID 21675354. doi:10.1179/107902611X12971826988057.
Quadriplegia and Tetraplegia. Apparelyzed – Spinal Cord Injury Peer Support. n.d. [4 September 2018]. 原始內容存檔於5 Jan 2014.

參考