加拿大銀行

加拿大銀行
Bank of Canada（英文）
Banque du Canada（法文）
	Logo
	總部
總部	加拿大安大略省渥太華
坐標	45.42088°N 75.702968°W
成立	1935年，89年前
所有者	加拿大財政部長; （代表加拿大皇家公司（英語：Crown_corporations_of_Canada#List_of_Canadian_Crown_corporations））
行長	蒂夫·麥克倫（英語：Tiff Macklem）; （2020年6月任職）
中央銀行	加拿大
貨幣	加拿大元; CAD (ISO 4217)
網站	www.bankofcanada.ca

加拿大銀行（英語：Bank of Canada；法語：Banque du Canada）是加拿大的中央銀行，其依據1934年的《加拿大銀行法案》（英語：Bank of Canada Act）而建立。它自身定位為一家非商業銀行，不向公眾提供銀行服務，而是專門負責國家的貨幣政策制定、法定貨幣發行、金融機構監管等事務，以維護加拿大經濟與金融系統之穩定；同時它也是一家由財政部全資擁有的國有公司，但不屬於政府部門，與加拿大聯邦政府其他部門相比具有相當大的獨立性^[3] 。
它的總部設於威靈頓街和渥太華下城區銀行街之間的加拿大銀行大廈（英語：Bank of Canada Building）^[4]。

快速預覽 總部, 坐標 ...

關閉

1913年，國會正式討論要建立國家銀行，當時國會議員麥克萊恩提出議案，建議在國內建立不受政府控制的私人銀行來行使國家銀行的職權，然而被總理駁回。總理博登回覆：「看不到這樣的銀行有存在的必要」^[5]。

20世紀30年代間，大蕭條給加拿大經濟帶來了沉重打擊，而當時加拿大主要是分散的農村經濟，地方有大量的社區級別商業銀行，對於國家銀行的建立呼聲很小。

30年代初，政治氣候發生了變化。全國現有金融結構的滯後，導致國民收入不景氣，引發民間批評聲浪。1933年，總理貝內特成立了一個皇家委員會，以研究「整體銀行、貨幣體系制度以及支持或反對建立國家銀行機構的依據」。隨後皇家委員會結果是支持建立國家銀行，總理採納了其建議，而當時的一份附錄報告成為了《加拿大銀行法》的框架^[6]。

1934年7月3日，政府出台《加拿大銀行法》，不久後獲御准。1935年3月，加拿大銀行正式成立，並敞開了大門，作為一家民營機構，向公眾出售股份。但不久，新政府就出台新法案，要將加拿大銀行國有化。

1938年，加拿大銀行被國有化，至今仍然是如此。但加拿大銀行不是政府的下屬部門，其運作有較強的獨立性^[7]。

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加拿大銀行的目標為：增進加拿大總體經濟與金融之福祉。

「WHEREAS it is desirable to establish a central bank in Canada to regulate credit and currency in the best interests of the economic life of the nation, to control and protect the external value of the national monetary unit and to mitigate by its influence fluctuations in the general level of production, trade, prices and employment, so far as may be possible within the scope of monetary action, and generally to promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada.」
「茲於加拿大設立央行之用意為，在金融措施範疇內為增進加拿大總體經濟與金融之福祉，去規範信貸與貨幣以維護國民經濟生活的最高利益，去管控及保護國家貨幣單位之匯價以及減輕匯價波動對生產，貿易，物價與就業總體水平之影響。」

——《加拿大銀行法案》前言^[8]

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加拿大銀行下設機構有：董事會、管理委員會和高級管理人員^[9]。

董事會

董事會提供銀行的戰略規劃，以及關於財務會計事務，風險管理，人力資源等內部政策，全面監督銀行的管理和行政。

理事會和高級管理人員

理事會是本行的決策機構。它由行長、常務副行長、和四個副行長組成。它負責貨幣政策，決定旨在促進健全和穩定的金融體系和銀行發展的戰略方向。

更多資訊 加拿大銀行行長[10], 任次 ...

加拿大銀行行長^[10]
任次	上任時間	卸任時間	名字
1	1934年9月8日	1954年12月31日	格雷厄姆·托爾斯（英語：Graham Towers）^[11]
2	1955年1月1日	1961年7月13日	詹姆斯·科因（英語：James Coyne）^[12]
3	1961年7月	1973年2月1日	路易斯·拉斯明斯基（英語：Louis Rasminsky）^[13]
4	1973年2月1日	1987年2月1日	傑拉爾德·鮑伊（英語：Gerald Bouey）^[14]
5	1987年2月1日	1994年2月1日	約翰·克勞（英語：John Crow）^[15]
6	1994年2月1日	2001年1月31日	戈登·泰森（英語：Gordon Thiessen）^[16]
7	2001年2月1日	2008年1月31日	大衛·道奇（英語：David A. Dodge）^[17]
8	2008年2月1日	2013年6月1日	馬克·卡尼^[18]
9	2013年6月3日	2020年6月3日	史蒂芬·波洛茲（英語：Stephen Poloz）
10	2020年6月3日	在職	蒂夫·麥克倫（英語：Tiff Macklem）^[2]

關閉

加拿大銀行以隔夜利率目標作為政策利率。^[19]

更多資訊 日期, 隔夜利率目標 ...


日期	隔夜利率目標	轉變	資料來源
2022年3月2日	0.50%	+0.25%
2022年4月13日	1.00%	+0.50%
2022年6月1日	1.50%	+0.50%
2022年7月13日	2.50%	+1.00%
2022年9月7日	3.25%	+0.75%
2022年10月26日	3.75%	+0.50%	^[20]
2022年12月7日	4.25%	+0.50%	^[21]
2023年1月25日	4.50%	+0.25%	^[22]
2023年6月7日	4.75%	+0.25%	^[23]
2023年7月12日	5.00%	+0.25%	^[24]

關閉

[1]
Frequently Asked Questions 3. Who owns the Bank of Canada?. Bankofcanada.ca. 2017-03-30 [2017-03-30]. （原始內容存檔於2013-04-20）（美國英語）.
[2]
Stephen S. Poloz. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）（英語）. Mr. Poloz was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 3 June 2013, for a term of seven years. As Governor, he is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank.
[3]
About the Bank. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-03）（英語）. The Bank of Canada is the nation's central bank. We are not a commercial bank and do not offer banking services to the public. Rather, we have responsibilities for Canada's monetary policy, bank notes, financial system, and funds management. Our principal role, as defined in the Bank of Canada Act, is 「to promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada.」 .The Bank is not a government department and conducts its activities with considerable independence compared with most other federal institutions
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為plc的參考文獻提供內容
[5]
Who Needs a Central Bank?. [2014-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）.
[6]
A Changing Environment. [2014-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）.
[7]
加拿大的货币制度与货币政策. [2014-04-20]. （原始內容存檔於2013-07-27）.
[8]
《加拿大银行法案》(Bank of Canada Act) (PDF). 加拿大司法部: 2. 10/08/2008 [2014-07-07]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2014-03-29）（英語）. 原文請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)
[9]
Management and Corporate Governance. [2014-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-23）.
[10]
Former Governors of the Bank of Canada. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）（英語）.
[11]
Former Governor (1934 - 1954)-Graham Towers. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Towers was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 8 September 1934 and served three 7-year terms, retiring on 31 December 1954.
[12]
Former Governor (1955 - 1961)-James Coyne. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. James Coyne was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank on 1 January 1955.He resigned from the Bank on 13 July 1961.
[13]
Former Governor (1961 - 1973)-Louis Rasminsky. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Rasminsky was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank in July 1961. He was re-appointed for a second 7-year term in 1968.He resigned from the Bank on 1 February 1973.
[14]
Former Governor (1973 - 1987)-Gerald Bouey. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Bouey was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank on 1 February 1973. He served two 7-year terms, retiring on 1 February 1987.
[15]
Former Governor (1987 - 1994)-John Crow. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Crow was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 1 February 1987 for a term of seven years.Mr. Crow resigned from the Bank on 1 February 1994 and currently resides in Toronto, Ontario.
[16]
Former Governor (1994 - 2001)-Gordon Thiessen. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-15）（英語）. Mr. Thiessen was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 1 February 1994, for a term of seven years, retiring on 31 January 2001.
[17]
Former Governor (2001 - 2008)-David Dodge. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-15）（英語）. Mr. Dodge, appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 1 February 2001 for a term of seven years, retired on 31 January 2008. As Governor, he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank.
[18]
Former Governor (2008 - 2013)-Mark Carney. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-14）（英語）. Mr. Carney was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 1 February 2008, for a term of seven years.After five and half years of service as Governor, Mr. Carney departed the Bank of Canada on 1 June 2013 to become the Governor of the Bank of England. He was appointed to this position on 26 November 2012, with an effective date of 1 July 2013.
[19]
Understanding our policy interest rate. Bank of Canada. [2022-10-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-15）（英語）.
[20]
Policy interest rate. Bank of Canada. [2022-10-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-27）（英語）.
[21]
加拿大央行加息0.5厘棄用需要進一步提高息率措辭 - RTHK. news.rthk.hk. 2022-12-07. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-07）.
[22]
Monetary Policy Report Press Conference Opening Statement. Bank of Canada. 2023-01-25. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-27）.
[23]
Bank of Canada raises policy rate 25 basis points, continues quantitative tightening. Bank of Canada. 2023-06-07. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-21）.
[24]
加拿大央行升息1碼利率升至5%創22年來新高. Anue鉅亨. 2023-07-12. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-22）.

[1] [1]
Frequently Asked Questions 3. Who owns the Bank of Canada?. Bankofcanada.ca. 2017-03-30 [2017-03-30]. （原始內容存檔於2013-04-20）（美國英語）.

[now-2] [2]
Stephen S. Poloz. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）（英語）. Mr. Poloz was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 3 June 2013, for a term of seven years. As Governor, he is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank.

[3] [3]
About the Bank. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-03）（英語）. The Bank of Canada is the nation's central bank. We are not a commercial bank and do not offer banking services to the public. Rather, we have responsibilities for Canada's monetary policy, bank notes, financial system, and funds management. Our principal role, as defined in the Bank of Canada Act, is 「to promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada.」 .The Bank is not a government department and conducts its activities with considerable independence compared with most other federal institutions

[plc-4] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為plc的參考文獻提供內容

[5] [5]
Who Needs a Central Bank?. [2014-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）.

[6] [6]
A Changing Environment. [2014-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）.

[7] [7]
加拿大的货币制度与货币政策. [2014-04-20]. （原始內容存檔於2013-07-27）.

[8] [8]
《加拿大银行法案》(Bank of Canada Act) (PDF). 加拿大司法部: 2. 10/08/2008 [2014-07-07]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2014-03-29）（英語）. 原文請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

[9] [9]
Management and Corporate Governance. [2014-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-23）.

[past-10] [10]
Former Governors of the Bank of Canada. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-04）（英語）.

[11] [11]
Former Governor (1934 - 1954)-Graham Towers. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Towers was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 8 September 1934 and served three 7-year terms, retiring on 31 December 1954.

[12] [12]
Former Governor (1955 - 1961)-James Coyne. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. James Coyne was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank on 1 January 1955.He resigned from the Bank on 13 July 1961.

[13] [13]
Former Governor (1961 - 1973)-Louis Rasminsky. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Rasminsky was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank in July 1961. He was re-appointed for a second 7-year term in 1968.He resigned from the Bank on 1 February 1973.

[14] [14]
Former Governor (1973 - 1987)-Gerald Bouey. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Bouey was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank on 1 February 1973. He served two 7-year terms, retiring on 1 February 1987.

[15] [15]
Former Governor (1987 - 1994)-John Crow. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-17）（英語）. Mr. Crow was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 1 February 1987 for a term of seven years.Mr. Crow resigned from the Bank on 1 February 1994 and currently resides in Toronto, Ontario.

[16] [16]
Former Governor (1994 - 2001)-Gordon Thiessen. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-15）（英語）. Mr. Thiessen was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 1 February 1994, for a term of seven years, retiring on 31 January 2001.

[17] [17]
Former Governor (2001 - 2008)-David Dodge. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-15）（英語）. Mr. Dodge, appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 1 February 2001 for a term of seven years, retired on 31 January 2008. As Governor, he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank.

[18] [18]
Former Governor (2008 - 2013)-Mark Carney. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-14）（英語）. Mr. Carney was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 1 February 2008, for a term of seven years.After five and half years of service as Governor, Mr. Carney departed the Bank of Canada on 1 June 2013 to become the Governor of the Bank of England. He was appointed to this position on 26 November 2012, with an effective date of 1 July 2013.

[19] [19]
Understanding our policy interest rate. Bank of Canada. [2022-10-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-15）（英語）.

[20] [20]
Policy interest rate. Bank of Canada. [2022-10-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-10-27）（英語）.

[21] [21]
加拿大央行加息0.5厘棄用需要進一步提高息率措辭 - RTHK. news.rthk.hk. 2022-12-07. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-07）.

[22] [22]
Monetary Policy Report Press Conference Opening Statement. Bank of Canada. 2023-01-25. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-27）.

[23] [23]
Bank of Canada raises policy rate 25 basis points, continues quantitative tightening. Bank of Canada. 2023-06-07. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-21）.

[24] [24]
加拿大央行升息1碼利率升至5%創22年來新高. Anue鉅亨. 2023-07-12. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-22）.

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加拿大銀行

董事會

理事會和高級管理人員

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加拿大銀行

董事會

理事會和高級管理人員

Wikiwand in your browser!

歷史

目標

組織結構

歷任行長

政策利率

參見

外部連結

參考資料