促甲狀腺激素受體

提示：此條目的主題不是促甲狀腺激素釋放激素或促甲狀腺激素釋放激素受體。

促甲狀腺激素受體（英語：thyrotropin receptor，TSH receptor，TSHR）又稱甲促素受體，是一種接受促甲狀腺激素（甲促素，thyrotropin）信號，刺激細胞生成甲狀腺激素（T4）和三碘甲狀腺激素（T3）的跨膜受體。TSHR是整合膜蛋白中G蛋白偶聯受體超家族的一員^[1]，與G_s蛋白偶合^[2]。

Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor 促甲狀腺激素受體
Rendering based on PDB 1XUM.
有效結構 PDB 直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查詢代碼列表 2XWT, 3G04
標識
代號	TSHR; CHNG1; LGR3; hTSHR-I
擴展標識	遺傳學：603372 鼠基因：98849 同源基因：315 IUPHAR:  TSH ChEMBL: 1963 GeneCards: TSHR Gene
基因本體論描述 分子功能 · thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity · protein binding 細胞成分 · plasma membrane · integral to plasma membrane 生物過程 · G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway · G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger · cell-cell signaling · positive regulation of cell proliferation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
更多表達數據
直系同源體
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	7253	22095
Ensembl	ENSG00000165409	ENSMUSG00000020963
UniProt	P16473	P47750
mRNA序列	NM_000369	NM_001113404
蛋白序列	NP_000360	NP_001106875
基因位置	Chr 14: 81.42 – 81.61 Mb	Chr 12: 91.4 – 91.54 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]	[2]
閱 論 編

該受體主要出現在甲狀腺上皮細胞（英語：thyroid epithelial cell）的表面。

功能

在結合血循的TSH後，G蛋白信號級聯反應會激活腺苷酸環化酶（adenylyl cyclase）進而使胞內環腺苷酸（cAMP）濃度升高。環腺苷酸可活化甲狀腺細胞各功能層面，包括：碘泵運，甲狀腺球蛋白的合成、碘化、胞吞和蛋白酶解，甲狀腺過氧化物酶活性，以及甲狀腺激素釋放。

另見

• 瀰漫性毒性甲狀腺腫

參考文獻

1. Farid NR, Szkudlinski MW. Minireview: structural and functional evolution of the thyrotropin receptor. Endocrinology. 2004, 145 (9): 4048–57. PMID 15231707. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0437.
2. Calebiro D, Nikolaev VO, Lohse MJ. Imaging of persistent cAMP signaling by internalized G protein-coupled receptors. J. Mol. Endocrinol. July 2010, 45 (1): 1–8. PMID 20378719. doi:10.1677/JME-10-0014.

延伸閱讀

• Führer D, Wonerow P, Willgerodt H, Paschke R. Identification of a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation (Leu629Phe) in a family with neonatal onset of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1998, 82 (12): 4234–8. PMID 9398746. doi:10.1210/jc.82.12.4234.
• Farid NR, Kascur V, Balazs C. The human thyrotropin receptor is highly mutable: a review of gain-of-function mutations.. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2000, 143 (1): 25–30. PMID 10870027. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430025.
• Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships.. Physiol. Rev. 2002, 82 (2): 473–502. PMID 11917095. doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2001.
• Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M; et al. Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis.. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 2004, 26 (2 Suppl): 2–6. PMID 12762632. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Arturi F, Scarpelli D, Coco A; et al. Thyrotropin receptor mutations and thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas ten years after their first discovery: unresolved questions.. Thyroid. 2004, 13 (4): 341–3. PMID 12804102. doi:10.1089/105072503321669811. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Vaidya B, Campbell V, Tripp JH; et al. Premature birth and low birth weight associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating thyrotropin receptor gene mutation.. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 2004, 60 (6): 711–8. PMID 15163335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02040.x. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Takeshita A, Nagayama Y, Fujiyama K; et al. Molecular cloning and sequencing of an alternatively spliced form of the human thyrotropin receptor transcript.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1992, 188 (3): 1214–9. PMID 1445355. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91360-3. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Graves PN, Tomer Y, Davies TF. Cloning and sequencing of a 1.3 KB variant of human thyrotropin receptor mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1992, 187 (2): 1135–43. PMID 1530609. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91315-H.
• Loosfelt H, Pichon C, Jolivet A; et al. Two-subunit structure of the human thyrotropin receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89 (9): 3765–9. PMC 525571 . PMID 1570295. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3765. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Nagayama Y, Russo D, Wadsworth HL; et al. Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding. J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266 (23): 14926–30. PMID 1651314. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Murakami M, Mori M. Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 171 (1): 512–8. PMID 1697467. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91423-P.
• Heldin NE, Gustavsson B, Westermark K, Westermark B. A somatic point mutation in a putative ligand binding domain of the TSH receptor in a patient with autoimmune hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992, 73 (6): 1374–6. PMID 1955520. doi:10.1210/jcem-73-6-1374.
• Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A; et al. Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 1991, 54 (1–2): 82–3. PMID 2249482. doi:10.1159/000132964. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ; et al. Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing. Mol. Endocrinol. 1991, 4 (8): 1264–76. PMID 2293030. doi:10.1210/mend-4-8-1264. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M; et al. Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 166 (1): 394–403. PMID 2302212. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91958-U. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B. Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 165 (3): 1184–90. PMID 2558651. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92727-7.
• Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C; et al. Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 165 (3): 1250–5. PMID 2610690. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92736-8. 引文格式1維護：顯式使用等標籤 (link)
• Cuddihy RM, Bryant WP, Bahn RS. Normal function in vivo of a homozygotic polymorphism in the human thyrotropin receptor. Thyroid. 1996, 5 (4): 255–7. PMID 7488864. doi:10.1089/thy.1995.5.255.
• Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Sarkar G. A genomic point mutation in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1994, 78 (2): 256–60. PMID 7508946. doi:10.1210/jc.78.2.256.
• Sunthornthepvarakui T, Gottschalk ME, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S. Brief report: resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995, 332 (3): 155–60. PMID 7528344. doi:10.1056/NEJM199501193320305.

外部連結

• Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors: TSH. IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-01）.
• 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Thyrotropin+Receptors
• GRIS: Glycoprotein-hormone Receptor Information System