λ (lambda)相變是凝聚態物理學 中的一類,將許多有強烈類似特性的系統放在一起,像是超流體 、超導體 及液晶 。這些系統因為在相變 的熱力學臨界特性,歸於在同一個普適類 。這些系統乍看之下差異很大,但可以用類似的公式描述,而而其相圖 是相同的。
氦在一般流體和超流體之間,比熱容和不同溫度的變化
若將氦 在1標準大氣壓 下降溫,約為2.17 K (λ點 )時,會從一般流體氦(I)相變到超流體 氦(II),其比熱容對溫度的圖會類似希臘文的字母λ ,因此稱這類的相變為λ相變。
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