少衛 (右垣)

**少衛 (右垣)**
	少衛 (右垣)的位置（紅圈）
觀測資料; 曆元 J2000.0
星座	鹿豹座
星官	紫微右垣（紫微垣）
赤經	04h 54m 03.01040s
赤緯	+66° 20′ 33.6365″
視星等（V）	4.29
特性
光譜分類	O9Ia
U−B 色指數	−0.87
B−V 色指數	+0.05
R−I 色指數	0.00
天體測定
徑向速度 (Rv)	+6.1 km/s
自行 (μ)	赤經：–0.13 mas/yr ; 赤緯：+6.89 mas/yr
視差 (π)	0.52 ± 0.19 mas
距離	approx. 6,000 ly ; (approx. 1,900 pc)
絕對星等 (MV)	–7.1
詳細資料
質量	37.6 M☉
半徑	32.5 R☉
表面重力 (log g)	2.97
亮度	676,000 L☉
溫度	29,000 K
自轉速度 (v sin i)	100 km/s
年齡	〜2 Myr
其他命名
	α Cam、Alpha Camelopardalis、 Alpha Cam、9 Camelopardalis、9 Cam、BD+66 358、FK5 178、GC 5924、HD 30614、HIP 22783、HR 1542、SAO 13298、PPM 15047、WDS J04541+6621、IRAS 04490+6615
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	資料

少衛 (右垣) ，也稱為紫微右垣六，拉丁化的名稱是是鹿豹座α，是在北天球星座鹿豹座的一顆恆星。它的視星等為4.3等，是這個不太突出的拱極星座中第三亮的恆星；第一和第二亮的恆星分別是八穀增十四（鹿豹座β）和鹿豹座CS。它是星座中距離最遠的恆星，根據視差的量測，距離地球約6,000光年。

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描述

少衛 (右垣)的恆星分類為O9Ia，「Ia」表示它是O-型亮超巨星。它是一顆大質量恆星，其質量是太陽的37.6倍，半徑是太陽半徑的32.5倍。表面的有效溫度為29,000K；比太陽5,778K的有效溫度高得多，使其具有O型星特有的藍色色調^[8]。它發射的光度是太陽的676,000倍，是一個弱X射線發射天體^[9]。

少衛 (右垣)的光譜線輪廓變化是由光球和恆星風的波動引起；這也可能是由非徑向脈動引起的。光譜中的吸收線顯示徑向速度變化，然而週期存在很大的不確定性，估計從0.36天到2.93天不等。來自這顆恆星的恆星風不是平滑和連續的，而是在大尺度和小尺度上表現出聚集（結塊）的行為^[10]。這顆恆星正以每年損失約6.3 × 10⁻⁶ 太陽質量^[5]，或相當於每160,000年失去一顆太陽的質量。

在1968年，這顆恆星被歸類為光譜聯星，表明它有一個週期為3.68天、軌道離心率為0.45的軌道恆星伴星。後續的研究將這段時間延長至3.24天。然而，在2006年，人們認識到光譜的變化可能是大氣或恆星風變化的結果，因此它更有可能只是一顆恆星^[11]。哈萊阿卡拉天文台使用3.67米先進光電系統望遠鏡（英語：3.67 m Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope）進行的散斑干涉量測觀測未能檢測到第二顆恆星^[12]。

1961年，根據這顆恆星的自行表示空間速度大於30公里/秒的標準^[13]，少衛 (右垣)被認為是一顆經從星團NGC 1502中拋出的速逃星候選者。這是基於恆星和星團的運動學特性，以及這顆恆星在缺乏星協的高銀緯的地區。在一百萬年的時間裏，這顆恆星應該在天空中已移動了1.4°，而據估計它只有200萬年的歷史^[7]。

像這樣失控的恆星，其恆星風以超音速穿過星際介質，會由於衝壓力，使它們的風受到弓形震波的限制。這種弓形震波中的塵埃可以使用紅外望遠鏡探測到^[14]。美國太空總署的寬視場紅外巡天探測器（WISE）就觀察到了這樣的弓形震波。這顆恆星的行進速度在每秒680到4200公里之間：時速在150到940萬英里之間。^[15]

參考資料

[1]
van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. S2CID 18759600. arXiv:0708.1752 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
[2]
Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2002, 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
[3]
Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Walborn, N. R.; Alfaro, E. J.; Barbá, R. H.; Morrell, N. I.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I. The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-violet at R ~ 2500. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 2011, 193 (2): 24. Bibcode:2011ApJS..193...24S. S2CID 119248206. arXiv:1101.4002 . doi:10.1088/0067-0049/193/2/24.
[4]
Wilson, Ralph Elmer, General catalogue of stellar radial velocities, Washington (Carnegie Institution of Washington), 1953, Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W
[5]
Markova, N., Spectral variability of luminous early type stars . II. Supergiant alpha Camelopardalis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, April 2002, 385 (2): 479–487, Bibcode:2002A&A...385..479M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020153  See Table 1.
[6]
Repolust, T.; Puls, J.; Herrero, A. Stellar and wind parameters of Galactic O-stars. The influence of line-blocking/blanketing. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2004, 415 (1): 349–376. Bibcode:2004A&A...415..349R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034594 .
[7]
Blaauw, A., On the origin of the O- and B-type stars with high velocities (the "run-away" stars), and some related problems, Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands, May 1961, 15: 265, Bibcode:1961BAN....15..265B
[8]
The Colour of Stars, Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), December 21, 2004 [2012-01-16], （原始內容存檔於March 18, 2012）
[9]
Aveni, A. F.; Hunter, H. J. Jr., Observational studies relating to star formation. I., Astronomical Journal, October 1967, 72: 1019–1027, Bibcode:1967AJ.....72.1019A, doi:10.1086/110378 
[10]
Prinja, R. K.; et al, The superimposed photospheric and stellar wind variability of the O-type supergiant α Camelopardalis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, October 2006, 457 (3): 987–994, Bibcode:2006A&A...457..987P, S2CID 14180933, arXiv:astro-ph/0606720 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065114
[11]
McSwain, M. Virginia; et al, A Spectroscopic Study of Field and Runaway OB Stars, The Astrophysical Journal, January 2007, 655 (1): 473–483, Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..473M, S2CID 18121243, arXiv:astro-ph/0608270 , doi:10.1086/509914
[12]
Turner, Nils H.; et al, Adaptive Optics Photometry and Astrometry of Binary Stars. III. a Faint Companion Search of O-Star Systems, The Astronomical Journal, August 2008, 136 (2): 554–565, Bibcode:2008AJ....136..554T, S2CID 15819352, arXiv:0805.3162 , doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/554
[13]
Gies, D. R., The kinematical and binary properties of association and field O stars, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, July 1987, 64: 545–563, Bibcode:1987ApJS...64..545G, doi:10.1086/191208
[14]
Noriega-Crespo, Alberto; van Buren, Dave; Dgani, Ruth, Bow Shocks Around Runaway Stars.III.The High Resolution Maps, Astronomical Journal, February 1997, 113: 780–786, Bibcode:1997AJ....113..780N, doi:10.1086/118298
[15]
Clavin, Whitney, Speed demon creates a shock, physorg, March 11, 2011 [2011-12-24], （原始內容存檔於2012-01-11）

引用錯誤：在<references>標籤中name屬性為「allen1899」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用

外部連結

HR 1542 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, entry in the Bright Star Catalogue
Alpha Camelopardalis in Aladin
Image of the constellational matrix formed by viewing the constellational lines at 16,000 light-years from the sun. Spike at the left is Alpha Camelopardalis. Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2013-01-02

[aaa474_2_653-1] [1]
van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. S2CID 18759600. arXiv:0708.1752 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.

[ducati-2] [2]
Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2002, 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.

[gosss-3] [3]
Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Walborn, N. R.; Alfaro, E. J.; Barbá, R. H.; Morrell, N. I.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I. The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-violet at R ~ 2500. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 2011, 193 (2): 24. Bibcode:2011ApJS..193...24S. S2CID 119248206. arXiv:1101.4002 . doi:10.1088/0067-0049/193/2/24.

[wilson1953-4] [4]
Wilson, Ralph Elmer, General catalogue of stellar radial velocities, Washington (Carnegie Institution of Washington), 1953, Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W

[aaa385_479-5] [5]
Markova, N., Spectral variability of luminous early type stars . II. Supergiant alpha Camelopardalis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, April 2002, 385 (2): 479–487, Bibcode:2002A&A...385..479M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020153  See Table 1.

[repolust-6] [6]
Repolust, T.; Puls, J.; Herrero, A. Stellar and wind parameters of Galactic O-stars. The influence of line-blocking/blanketing. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2004, 415 (1): 349–376. Bibcode:2004A&A...415..349R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034594 .

[bain15_265-7] [7]
Blaauw, A., On the origin of the O- and B-type stars with high velocities (the "run-away" stars), and some related problems, Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands, May 1961, 15: 265, Bibcode:1961BAN....15..265B

[csiro-8] [8]
The Colour of Stars, Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), December 21, 2004 [2012-01-16], （原始內容存檔於March 18, 2012）

[aj72_1019-9] [9]
Aveni, A. F.; Hunter, H. J. Jr., Observational studies relating to star formation. I., Astronomical Journal, October 1967, 72: 1019–1027, Bibcode:1967AJ.....72.1019A, doi:10.1086/110378 

[aaa457_3_987-10] [10]
Prinja, R. K.; et al, The superimposed photospheric and stellar wind variability of the O-type supergiant α Camelopardalis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, October 2006, 457 (3): 987–994, Bibcode:2006A&A...457..987P, S2CID 14180933, arXiv:astro-ph/0606720 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065114

[apj655_1_473-11] [11]
McSwain, M. Virginia; et al, A Spectroscopic Study of Field and Runaway OB Stars, The Astrophysical Journal, January 2007, 655 (1): 473–483, Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..473M, S2CID 18121243, arXiv:astro-ph/0608270 , doi:10.1086/509914

[aj136_2_554-12] [12]
Turner, Nils H.; et al, Adaptive Optics Photometry and Astrometry of Binary Stars. III. a Faint Companion Search of O-Star Systems, The Astronomical Journal, August 2008, 136 (2): 554–565, Bibcode:2008AJ....136..554T, S2CID 15819352, arXiv:0805.3162 , doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/554

[ajss64_545-13] [13]
Gies, D. R., The kinematical and binary properties of association and field O stars, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, July 1987, 64: 545–563, Bibcode:1987ApJS...64..545G, doi:10.1086/191208

[aj113_780-14] [14]
Noriega-Crespo, Alberto; van Buren, Dave; Dgani, Ruth, Bow Shocks Around Runaway Stars.III.The High Resolution Maps, Astronomical Journal, February 1997, 113: 780–786, Bibcode:1997AJ....113..780N, doi:10.1086/118298

[calvin20110311-15] [15]
Clavin, Whitney, Speed demon creates a shock, physorg, March 11, 2011 [2011-12-24], （原始內容存檔於2012-01-11）

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觀測資料曆元 J2000.0
少衛 (右垣)的位置（紅圈）
星座	鹿豹座
星官	紫微右垣（紫微垣）
赤經	04^h 54^m 03.01040^s^[1]
赤緯	+66° 20′ 33.6365″^[1]
視星等（V）	4.29^[2]
特性
光譜分類	O9Ia^[3]
U−B 色指數	−0.87^[2]
B−V 色指數	+0.05^[2]
R−I 色指數	0.00^[2]
天體測定

徑向速度 (R_v)	+6.1^[4] km/s
自行 (μ)	赤經：–0.13^[1] mas/yr 赤緯：+6.89^[1] mas/yr
視差 (π)	0.52 ± 0.19^[1] mas
距離	approx. 6,000 ly (approx. 1,900 pc)
絕對星等 (M_V)	–7.1^[5]

詳細資料 ^{^[6]}

質量	37.6 M_☉
半徑	32.5 R_☉
表面重力 (log g)	2.97
亮度	676,000 L_☉
溫度	29,000 K
自轉速度 (v sin i)	100 km/s
年齡	〜2^[7] Myr

其他命名
α Cam、Alpha Camelopardalis、 Alpha Cam、9 Camelopardalis、9 Cam、BD+66 358、FK5 178、GC 5924、HD 30614、HIP 22783、HR 1542、SAO 13298、PPM 15047、WDS J04541+6621、IRAS 04490+6615
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	資料