阿拉伯語音系（Arabic phonology）是阿拉伯語的語音系統的描述。雖然許多語言有許多不同的方言，但當代阿拉伯語口語被更恰當地描述為變體的連續體。[1]本文主要討論現代標準阿拉伯語(MSA)，這是整個阿拉伯語地區受過教育的人共同使用的標準阿拉伯語變體。現代標準阿拉伯語用於正式印刷媒體的書面形式，以及多種類型的新聞廣播、演講，以及正式聲明中的口頭形式。[2]
現代標準阿拉伯語語音在大多數的現代方言變體中有28個輔音音位、以及6個元音音位，或者8個或者10個元音。所有音素都在強調（咽化）輔音、與非強調輔音之間形成對比。其中一些音素已在各種現代方言中合併，而新的音位則是通過借用，或音位的拆分來引入。"音素的長度質量"適用於輔音、以及元音。[3]
阿拉伯語輔音的主要方言變體圍繞着六個輔音而展開；⟨ج⟩, ⟨ق⟩, ⟨ث⟩, ⟨ذ⟩, ⟨ض⟩ 與 ⟨ظ⟩:
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