蠟蘑屬（學名：Laccaria）是軸腹菌科的一個屬，共有約75種物種，分佈於世界各地溫帶與熱帶的區域[1][2]，常與植物形成外菌根。本屬的模式種為紅蠟蘑，另外紫蠟蘑與雙色蠟蘑亦是本屬的常見物種。有些本屬物種可在實驗室的培養基上生長，還有些物種的擔孢子可在培養基上萌發，可作為研究外菌根的模式生物[3]，其中雙色蠟蘑是第一種基因組被定序的外菌根真菌。本屬物種有四種交配型，任兩種不同交配型間均可交配[4]。
描述
蠟蘑屬物種的蕈褶通常較粗且間距較大，顏色為紫色至肉色，與蕈柄相連（adnate）或稍微沿蕈柄向下生長（decurrent）。多數物種的擔孢子為白色，且表面有飾物[5]。
物種
本屬約有75種物種，以下列出部分本屬物種[6]。
- 棘孢蠟蘑 Laccaria acanthospora
- 白蠟蘑 Laccaria alba Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang
- 橢孢紫蠟蘑 Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis
- 紫蠟蘑 Laccaria amethystina Cooke
- 白蠟蘑 Laccaria alba
- 窄褶蠟蘑 Laccaria angustilamella Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang
- 橙黃蠟蘑 Laccaria aurantia Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost 2014
- 雙色蠟蘑 Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton
- 泡狀蠟蘑 Laccaria bullipellis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
- 刺孢蠟蘑 Laccaria echinospora (Speg.) Singer 1943
- 殼斗生蠟蘑 Laccaria fagacicola Y.Y. Cui et al.
- 橘紅蠟蘑 Laccaria fraterna (Cooke & Massee) Pegler
- 黃灰蠟蘑 Laccaria fulvogrisea Popa, Rexer & G. Kost 2014
- Laccaria gomezii Singer & G.M. Muell. 1988
- 喜馬拉雅蠟蘑 Laccaria himalayensis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
- Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini, 2019[7]
- 紅蠟蘑 Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke，漆亮蠟蘑
- 長柄蠟蘑 Laccaria longipes
- Laccaria maritima
- 高山蠟蘑 Laccaria montana
- 棕黑蠟蘑 Laccaria negrimarginata
- Laccaria nobilis
- 粉紫蠟蘑 Laccaria ochropurpurea (Berk.) Peck, 1895，基異名：Agaricus ochropurpureus Berk.
- 俄亥俄蠟蘑 Laccaria ohiensis
- 淡紅蠟蘑 Laccaria pallidorosea Yang-Yang Cui et al.
- Laccaria paraphysata (McNabb) J.A.Cooper。基異名：Laccaria ohiensis var. paraphysata McNabb
- 條柄蠟蘑 Laccaria proxima (Boud.) Pat.
- Laccaria pseudomontana Osmundson, C.L.Cripps & G.M.Muell., 2006
- 矮蠟蘑 Laccaria pumila Fayod (異名：Laccaria altaica Singer)
- 紫褐蠟蘑 Laccaria purpureobadia Fayod (異名：Laccaria altaica Singer)
- Laccaria rubroalba X. Luo, L. Ye, Mortimer & K.D. Hyde[8]
- 鮭色蠟蘑 Laccaria salmonicolor
- 條緣蠟蘑 Laccaria striatula
- Laccaria tetraspora Singer 1947
- 二孢蠟蘑 Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke，刺孢蠟蘑
- 灰酒紅蠟蘑 Laccaria vinaceobrunnea Hongo，酒色蠟蘑
- 雲南蠟蘑 Laccaria yunnanensis Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost 2014
圖集
-
紫蠟蘑 -
雙色蠟蘑 -
紅蠟蘑 -
條柄蠟蘑
參考資料
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