藍星行動

藍星行動
日期	1984年6月1日－6月6日
地點	印度旁遮普邦阿姆利則31°37′12″N 74°52′37″E
結果	印度武裝部隊勝利，全國騷亂，英·甘地總理被刺殺。
Parties to the civil conflict
印度涉及單位: 印度陸軍 ; 中央後備警察部隊 ; 邊境安全部隊 ; 邊境安全部隊 ; 旁遮普邦警察;	卡利斯坦錫克人武裝分子 Damdami Taksal; 全印度錫克教學生聯合會; Babbar Khalsa; 錫克人前軍官; ;
指揮官與領導者
Arun Shridhar Vaidya; Kuldip Singh Brar; Ranjit Singh Dyal; Krishnaswamy Sundarji	賈奈爾·辛格·賓德蘭瓦勒 †; Amrik Singh †; Shabeg Singh †
兵力
第9步兵師; 提供支援 : 第7步兵師; 第15步兵師; 第350步兵旅; 第60工兵團部隊; 加瓦爾步槍第7營; 加瓦爾步槍第9營; 馬德拉斯團第26營; 比哈爾團第12營; 庫蒙團第15營2連; 庫馬翁團第9營; 多格拉團第10營; 多格拉團第12營; 多格拉團第16營; 近衛旅第10營; 拉加普特納步槍聯隊第 20 營; 傘兵第1營80名成員（特種部隊）; 邊防特種部隊第8營; 第56突擊隊連; 175個傘兵團和裝備QF 25磅榴彈炮的砲兵部隊; 中央後備警察部隊第4營和邊境安全部隊第7營的700名士兵; 150 名旁遮普邦警察; 第 16 輕騎兵團的8 輛勝利式主力戰車; 第8機械化營的8輛BMP-1步兵戰車、3輛OT-64裝甲車;	80–200 名武裝份子
傷亡與損失
83 人死亡（根據印度陸軍 1984 年白皮書）; 700 killed (disclosure by Rajiv Gandhi as alleged by Kuldip Nayar) 白皮書：249人受傷; 1輛裝甲輸送車（OT-64裝甲車）故障 GBS Sidhu（獨立）估計：800-900 人受傷	政府公佈數字：492+ 人死亡（包括錫克教朝聖者）;
	5,000–10,000 名平民在行動中喪生
	阿姆利則金廟行動地點位於印度旁遮普邦阿姆利則金廟印度境內的行動地點

藍星行動（旁遮普語：ਬਲੂ ਸਟਾਰ；印地語：ब्ल्यू स्टार；英文:Operation Blue Star）發生於1984年6月初，是印度政府打擊錫克教分離主義者的一次軍事行動，印度軍方奉總理英迪拉·甘地的命令派重兵開進錫克教聖地哈曼迪爾寺以及其他數間神學院解除錫克教民兵的武裝，隨後爆發激烈流血武裝衝突。

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6月3日，旁遮普全邦實行36小時宵禁，這段時間包括阿冉宗師犧牲紀念日（Matyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev）──錫克教的重要節日，每年在此節日會有大規模的錫克教徒聚集。引發錫克教徒不滿，同時政府也中斷當地的電力與實施媒體管制。6月5日夜晚，印度軍隊在現場指揮官布拉爾指揮下突擊哈曼迪爾寺。該部隊於6月7日上午完全控制哈曼迪爾寺。造成軍隊，平民和武裝分子均有傷亡。錫克教領袖賈奈爾·辛格·賓德蘭瓦勒和沙貝格·辛格（Shabeg Singh）在行動中被殺害，錫克教徒於是展開報復；總理英迪拉·甘地於藍星行動後4個月遭到錫克教保鑣刺殺身亡（英語：Assassination of Indira Gandhi），導致印度後來發生大規模反錫克教動亂（傷亡人數有多種版本），而策劃並監督藍星計劃的維德雅（Arun Shridhar Vaidya）也在1986年8月10日遭暗殺槍擊斃命。

錫克教徒與廟方警衛爆發衝突

2014年6月6日，也就是藍星行動30週年，錫克教政黨「最高阿卡利黨（阿姆利則）」（Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)）黨魁曼恩（Simranjit Singh Mann）與支持者試圖強行從金廟旁的重要建築「永恆王座」（Akal Takht）內發表演說，並高呼錫克教分離主義口號，遭到廟方阻止。支持者與錫克教寺廟最高管理委員會（Shiromani Gurudwara Parbhandhak Committee，SGPC）警衛部隊爆發衝突。雙方各自揮舞錫克教徒身上配掛的長刀與警衛部隊使用的木棍，大批信徒爭相走避。報導說，事件後至少有12名參與衝突的曼恩支持者和警衛部隊人員受傷。情況已獲控制。衝突後，錫克教強硬派組織哈沙黨（Dal Khalsa）發起罷工。為防範事端，1500名鎮暴部隊部署於阿姆利則多處地點。

現場指揮官於英遇襲

《印度時報》報導，倫敦時間2012年9月30日晚上10時40分，藍星計劃指揮官、退役中將布拉爾（Kuldeep Singh Brar）與妻子米娜（Meena）在晚餐後步出飯店遭纏錫克教頭巾的4名男子攻擊，其中3人企圖以短刀對布拉爾割喉，布拉爾經極力反抗後身受重傷，緊急送醫救治後並無生命危險。^[32]

是次行動間接導致總理英迪拉·甘地於同年10月被刺殺和尼赫魯-甘地家族走向衰微。

[1]
Jerryson, Michael. Religious Violence Today: Faith and Conflict in the Modern World [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. 2020-07-15. ISBN 978-1-4408-5991-5 （英語）.
[2]
Brar, K. S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. UBS Publishers' Distributors. 2014. ISBN 978-8174760685. OCLC 1181348326 （English）.
[3]
Dogra, Cander Suta. "Operation Blue Star – the Untold Story". The Hindu, 10 June 2013. Web.
[4]
Cynthia Keppley Mahmood (2011). Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Defenders. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. Title, 91, 21, 200, 77, 19. ISBN 978-0812200171.
[5]
Temple Raid: Army's Order was Restraint. The New York Times. 15 June 1984 [6 February 2012]. （原始內容存檔於13 November 2012）. 已忽略未知參數|df= (幫助)
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為ReferenceB22的參考文獻提供內容
[7]
Rikhye, Ravi. The Militarization of Mother India. Chanakya Publications. 1990: 134. ISBN 978-81-7001-060-9 （英語）.
[8]
Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish. Amritsar, Mrs. Gandhi's last battle. Internet Archive. Calcutta : Rupa & Co. 1985: 163.
[9]
Jaijee, Inderjit Singh. Politics of Genocide: Punjab, 1984–1998. Ajanta Publications. 1999. ISBN 978-8120204157. OCLC 42752917 （English）.
[10]
Prasad, Shankar. The Gallant Dogras: An Illustrated History of the Dogra Regiment. Lancer Publishers. 2005: 198–199. ISBN 978-81-7062-268-0 （英語）.
[11]
Bennett, Richard M. Elite forces : the world's most formidable secret armies. London. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7535-4764-9. OCLC 1028210354. [A]n 80 strong element of 1st Para-Commando Battalion was involved in Operation 『Blue Star』.
[12]
Bennett, R. M. Elite Forces. Random House. 2011-08-31. ISBN 978-0-7535-4764-9 （英語）.
[13]
Sidhu, G.B.S. The Khalistan Conspiracy – A Former R&aw Officer Unravels The Path To 1984. HarperCollins. 2001-03-09: 172. ISBN 9789390327737.
[14]
Lance Naik Dilbagh Singh — Operation 'Bluestar' hero with steely resolve.
[15]
Brar, K. S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. UBS Publishers' Distributors. 1993: 121. ISBN 978-81-85944-29-6 （英語）.
[16]
Brar, K. S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. UBS Publishers' Distributors. 1993: 55. ISBN 978-81-85944-29-6 （英語）.
[17]
Dr. Gurmit Singh. History Of Sikh Struggles Vol III. : 98 （English）.
[18]
Krishnankutty, Pia. In the shadows of Bluestar, Kargil, LAC, India's 'secret' Special Frontier Force turns 60. ThePrint. 2022-11-14 [2023-05-10] （美國英語）.
[19]
Karim, Afsir. Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. 1991: 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270.
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Punjab2003的參考文獻提供內容
[21]
Tarkunde et al. 1985，第65頁.
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為WhitePaper1984的參考文獻提供內容
[23]
The Official Home Page of the Indian Army. [10 October 2017]. （原始內容存檔於27 May 2013）.
[24]
What happened during 1984 Operation Blue Star?. India Today. [12 September 2019]. Official reports put the number of deaths among the Indian army near about 83 and they put the number of civilian deaths at 493, though independent estimates ran much higher.
[25]
Jugdep S Chima. The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. 2008: 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530.
[26]
Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar. Tribune India. 30 May 1984 [9 August 2009].
[27]
Sidhu, G.B.S. The Khalistan Conspiracy: A Former R&aw Officer Unravels The Path To 1984. 2001-03-09: 176.
[28]
The untold story before Operation Bluestar. India Today. 6 June 2019 [2021-06-10] （英語）.
[29]
Grewal, J. S. The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3) Revised. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998: 205–241 [16 April 2020]. ISBN 978-1316025338.
[30]
Karim 1991，第35頁.
[31]
June 6, India Today Web Desk. What happened during 1984 Operation Blue Star?. India Today. [9 February 2021] （英語）. Official reports put the number of deaths among the Indian army at 83 and the number of civilian deaths at 492, though independent estimates ran much higher.
[32]
28年舊帳--印度前將官英遇刺. [2015-08-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-04）.

Operation Blue Star（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Rediff: Operation Bluestar 20 years on（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
BBC Reports and timeline （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
BBC Flashback （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
The New York Times on Operation Blue Star （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Operation Bluestar and Indira^{[永久失效連結]}

[1] [1]
Jerryson, Michael. Religious Violence Today: Faith and Conflict in the Modern World [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. 2020-07-15. ISBN 978-1-4408-5991-5 （英語）.

[brar-2] [2]
Brar, K. S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. UBS Publishers' Distributors. 2014. ISBN 978-8174760685. OCLC 1181348326 （English）.

[3] [3]
Dogra, Cander Suta. "Operation Blue Star – the Untold Story". The Hindu, 10 June 2013. Web.

[4] [4]
Cynthia Keppley Mahmood (2011). Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Defenders. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. Title, 91, 21, 200, 77, 19. ISBN 978-0812200171.

[5] [5]
Temple Raid: Army's Order was Restraint. The New York Times. 15 June 1984 [6 February 2012]. （原始內容存檔於13 November 2012）. 已忽略未知參數|df= (幫助)

[ReferenceB22-6] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為ReferenceB22的參考文獻提供內容

[7] [7]
Rikhye, Ravi. The Militarization of Mother India. Chanakya Publications. 1990: 134. ISBN 978-81-7001-060-9 （英語）.

[8] [8]
Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish. Amritsar, Mrs. Gandhi's last battle. Internet Archive. Calcutta : Rupa & Co. 1985: 163.

[ReferenceB-9] [9]
Jaijee, Inderjit Singh. Politics of Genocide: Punjab, 1984–1998. Ajanta Publications. 1999. ISBN 978-8120204157. OCLC 42752917 （English）.

[10] [10]
Prasad, Shankar. The Gallant Dogras: An Illustrated History of the Dogra Regiment. Lancer Publishers. 2005: 198–199. ISBN 978-81-7062-268-0 （英語）.

[11] [11]
Bennett, Richard M. Elite forces : the world's most formidable secret armies. London. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7535-4764-9. OCLC 1028210354. [A]n 80 strong element of 1st Para-Commando Battalion was involved in Operation 『Blue Star』.

[12] [12]
Bennett, R. M. Elite Forces. Random House. 2011-08-31. ISBN 978-0-7535-4764-9 （英語）.

[13] [13]
Sidhu, G.B.S. The Khalistan Conspiracy – A Former R&aw Officer Unravels The Path To 1984. HarperCollins. 2001-03-09: 172. ISBN 9789390327737.

[14] [14]
Lance Naik Dilbagh Singh — Operation 'Bluestar' hero with steely resolve.

[15] [15]
Brar, K. S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. UBS Publishers' Distributors. 1993: 121. ISBN 978-81-85944-29-6 （英語）.

[16] [16]
Brar, K. S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. UBS Publishers' Distributors. 1993: 55. ISBN 978-81-85944-29-6 （英語）.

[17] [17]
Dr. Gurmit Singh. History Of Sikh Struggles Vol III. : 98 （English）.

[18] [18]
Krishnankutty, Pia. In the shadows of Bluestar, Kargil, LAC, India's 'secret' Special Frontier Force turns 60. ThePrint. 2022-11-14 [2023-05-10] （美國英語）.

[19] [19]
Karim, Afsir. Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. 1991: 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270.

[Punjab2003-20] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Punjab2003的參考文獻提供內容

[FOOTNOTETarkundeFernandesRaoGhose198565-21] [21]
Tarkunde et al. 1985，第65頁.

[WhitePaper1984-22] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為WhitePaper1984的參考文獻提供內容

[indianarmy.nic.in-23] [23]
The Official Home Page of the Indian Army. [10 October 2017]. （原始內容存檔於27 May 2013）.

[24] [24]
What happened during 1984 Operation Blue Star?. India Today. [12 September 2019]. Official reports put the number of deaths among the Indian army near about 83 and they put the number of civilian deaths at 493, though independent estimates ran much higher.

[Chima2008-25] [25]
Jugdep S Chima. The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. 2008: 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530.

[tribune-army-26] [26]
Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar. Tribune India. 30 May 1984 [9 August 2009].

[27] [27]
Sidhu, G.B.S. The Khalistan Conspiracy: A Former R&aw Officer Unravels The Path To 1984. 2001-03-09: 176.

[28] [28]
The untold story before Operation Bluestar. India Today. 6 June 2019 [2021-06-10] （英語）.

[29] [29]
Grewal, J. S. The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3) Revised. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998: 205–241 [16 April 2020]. ISBN 978-1316025338.

[FOOTNOTEKarim199135-30] [30]
Karim 1991，第35頁.

[whathappenedbluestar-31] [31]
June 6, India Today Web Desk. What happened during 1984 Operation Blue Star?. India Today. [9 February 2021] （英語）. Official reports put the number of deaths among the Indian army at 83 and the number of civilian deaths at 492, though independent estimates ran much higher.

[32] [32]
28年舊帳--印度前將官英遇刺. [2015-08-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-04）.

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藍星行動

錫克教徒與廟方警衛爆發衝突

現場指揮官於英遇襲

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錫克教徒與廟方警衛爆發衝突

現場指揮官於英遇襲

Wikiwand in your browser!

行動過程

後續影響

參考文獻

外部連結