美索不達米亞早期王朝時期
美索不達米亞的考古學文化 / 維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
早期王朝時期(縮寫ED時期或ED)是美索不達米亞(現代 伊拉克)中的古文明,可追溯到公元前 2900–2350 年。
研究史
蘇美爾的歷史
主條目:美索不達米亞歷史
外交
戰爭
鄰近地區
近期發現
王國和統治者
地理環境
下美索不達米亞
鄰近地區
上美索不達米亞和敘利亞中部
伊朗高原
波斯灣
印度河谷
政府與經濟
管理
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人口
法律
![]() | 此條目需要精通或熟悉歷史的編者參與及協助編輯。 (2022年9月21日) |
Quick Facts 地理範圍, 時期 ...
地理範圍 | 美索不達米亞 |
---|---|
時期 | 青銅時代 |
時間 | fl.(英語:Floruit) c. 2900–2350 BC (middle(英語:middle chronology)) |
典型代表 | Tell Khafajah(英語:Khafajah), Tell Agrab(英語:Tell Agrab), Tell Asmar(英語:Eshnunna) |
主要遺址 | Tell Abu Shahrain(英語:Eridu), Tell al-Madain(英語:Bad-tibira), Tell as-Senkereh(英語:Larsa), Tell Abu Habbah(英語:Sippar), Tell Fara(英語:Shuruppak), Tell Uheimir(英語:Kish (Sumer)), Tell al-Muqayyar(英語:Ur), Tell Bismaya(英語:Adab (city)), Tell Hariri(英語:Mari, Syria) |
先前文化 | Jemdet Nasr Period(英語:Jemdet Nasr period) |
繼承文化 | Akkadian Period(英語:Akkadian Empire) |
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Man_carrying_a_box%2C_possibly_for_offerings_ca._2900%E2%80%932600_BCE_Sumer.jpg/640px-Man_carrying_a_box%2C_possibly_for_offerings_ca._2900%E2%80%932600_BCE_Sumer.jpg)
Gay
貿易
文化
雕刻
金屬加工和金工
氣缸密封
嵌體
參考
- Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003: 79. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1 (英語).
進一步閱讀
- Ascalone, Enrico. 2007. Mesopotamia: Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians (Dictionaries of Civilizations; 1). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-25266-7 (paperback).
- Bottéro, Jean, André Finet, Bertrand Lafont, and George Roux. 2001. Everyday Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Crawford, Harriet E. W.(英語:Harriet Crawford) 2004. Sumer and the Sumerians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Frayne, Douglas. 2008. Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC), University of Toronto Press.
- Leick, Gwendolyn. 2002. Mesopotamia: Invention of the City. London and New York: Penguin.
- Lloyd, Seton. 1978. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest. London: Thames and Hudson.
- Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. 1998. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. London and Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
- Kramer, Samuel Noah(英語:Samuel Noah Kramer). The Sumerians: Their History, Culture and Character
. University of Chicago Press. 1963. ISBN 0-226-45238-7. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
- Kramer, Samuel Noah(英語:Samuel Noah Kramer). Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium BC.
- Roux, Georges. 1992. Ancient Iraq, 560 pages. London: Penguin (earlier printings may have different pagination: 1966, 480 pages, Pelican; 1964, 431 pages, London: Allen and Urwin).
- Schomp, Virginia. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Sumerians, Babylonians, And Assyrians.
- Sumer: Cities of Eden (Timelife Lost Civilizations). Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books(英語:Time-Life Books), 1993 (hardcover, ISBN 0-8094-9887-1).
- Wencel, Maciej Mateusz. Radiocarbon Dating of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: Results, Limitations, and Prospects. Radiocarbon. 2017, 59 (2): 635–645 [2022-09-21]. ISSN 0033-8222. doi:10.1017/RDC.2016.60. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-29) (英語).
- Woolley, C. Leonard(英語:Leonard Woolley). 1929. The Sumerians. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
外部鏈接
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維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源:美索不達米亞早期王朝時期
- Iraq’s Ancient Past (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) — Penn Museum(英語:University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology)
- Language
- Sumerian Language Page (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), perhaps the oldest Sumerian website on the web (it dates back to 1996), features compiled lexicon, detailed FAQ, extensive links, and so on.
- ETCSL: The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) has complete translations of more than 400 Sumerian literary texts.
- PSD: The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), while still in its initial stages, can be searched on-line, from August 2004.
- CDLI: Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) a large corpus of Sumerian texts in transliteration, largely from the Early Dynastic and Ur III periods, accessible with images.