線性代數基本定理是秩為 r 的 m×n 矩陣A的奇異值分解:
對於矩陣 (有行及列)產生了四個基本線性子空間:
Secondly:
- In , , 也就是, 零空間與行空間的正交補相同.
- In , , 也就是, 左零空間為列空間的正交補.
子空間的維數遵從秩-零化度定理.
進一步, 所有這些空間本質地定義於– 不必考慮基的選擇 – 抽象向量空間, 算子, 對偶空間 與: 的核與像是的上核與余象.
參見
參考文獻
- Strang, Gilbert. Linear Algebra and Its Applications. 3rd ed. Orlando: Saunders, 1988.
- Strang, Gilbert, The fundamental theorem of linear algebra (PDF), American Mathematical Monthly, 1993, 100 (9): 848–855, JSTOR 2324660, doi:10.2307/2324660[失效連結]
外部連結
- Gilbert Strang, MIT Linear Algebra Lecture on the Four Fundamental Subspaces (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), from MIT OpenCourseWare
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