種質(英語:Germ plasm)或稱為極質,英語:polar plasm)是一些模式生物(例如秀麗隱桿線蟲黑腹果蠅非洲爪蟾卵細胞細胞質中存在的一塊區域,其中含有發生生殖細胞世系的決定子。當合子經歷有絲分裂時,種質最終僅限於形成胚胎的少數細胞。這些生殖細胞接下來遷移到性腺之中。

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