伊萬 (建築)

伊萬（波斯語：ایوان‎，拉丁轉寫：eyvān；阿拉伯語：إيوان‎；Iwan、ivan；土耳其語：eyvan^[1][2]）是波斯和伊斯蘭建築中常見的一種長方形、帶有拱頂的空間，三面圍牆，一面開放。它由波斯人發明，3世紀時在帕提亞帝國治下達到成熟。在波斯語中伊萬的入口門面又稱「皮西塔克」（pishtaq）。其上常繪有繁複的幾何花紋和伊斯蘭書法^[3][4]。伊萬的大小和形狀並不完全固定。

16世紀波斯風格的波伊卡楊伊斯蘭教學校的伊萬，位於烏茲別克的布哈拉

泰姬陵的伊萬

希克斯羅圖福拉清真寺

參考文獻

1. Wright (1992), p. 508
2. Boas (2010), p. 366
3. Dictionary of Islamic architecture: Pishtaq （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） archnet.org.
4. Pishtaq （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Britannica.

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• Gillispie, Charles Coulston; Dewachter, Michel. Monuments of Egypt: the Napoleonic edition. The Complete Archaeological Plates from La Description de l'Egypte. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press. 1987. ISBN 9780910413213.
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外部連接

• Oxford Art Online on Iwans（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Columbia’s Archive of Islamic Architecture （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Columbia’s Archive of Ancient Architecture （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• UCSJ Tutorial on Islamic Architecture
• Sheila Blair’s Islamic Arts