河道遷移或河流改道(英語:river channel migration)是指沖積河道在氾濫平原橫向遷移的現象。這個過程主要是由河岸侵蝕和岸壩沉積共同造成的。一般在曲流河。或辮狀河中常見[1]

當水流進入沖積河流的彎道時,因離心力引起了螺旋流(英語:helicoidal flow),螺旋流在一邊的河岸侵蝕堤岸,被侵蝕的沉積物在對面河岸沉積,造成岸壩[2][3].

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