詞法學（英語：morphology，「組織與形態」[a]），又稱形態學[1]、構詞學，是語言學的一個分支，研究單詞（word）的內部結構和其形成方式。如英語的dog、dogs和dog-catcher有相當的關係，英語使用者能夠利用他們的背景知識來判斷此關係，對他們來說，dog和dogs的關係就如同cat和cats，dog和dog-catcher就如同dish和dishwasher。構詞學正是研究這種單字間組成的關係，並試着整理出其組成的規則。
「Lexeme」 是指英文字的本根，dog 是dogs和dog catcher 的字根。雖然三字的義意不同，也與其字的根源有所關聯。
dog 和 cat 有不同的字形（word form） 。另一方面，Dog 和 dog catcher 是有不同解釋的字詞（vocabulary），他們所指的是不同的實體。
英文字的原形，稱為詞條（lemma；原形），其引用形式（citation form），即是指可於字典上查詢的字詞的根本原形（vocabulary）。
morphology () is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.
形態學. 重編國語辭典修訂本. 中華民國教育部. [2022-10-02]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-23）.
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