平原印第安人手語（英語：Plains Indian Sign Language，PISL；法語：Langue des Signes Indienne des Plaines；西班牙語：Lenguaje de Signos Indio de las Llanuras），又稱平原手語、平原手勢談話[5]（Plains Sign Talk）或第一民族手語[1]（First Nation Sign Language），是平原印第安人所使用的一種手語，曾因貿易交流用途而成為北美洲大平原部落間的通用語[6]。除此之外，還用於平原部落內部講述故事、演說、各種儀式期間，亦為聾啞人所日常使用[7]。如今仍然沒有任何證據能證明這種手語和任何一種口頭語言有聯繫，平原印第安人手語一般被視為一種皮欽語。
平原印第安人手語的歷史起源並無書面記錄，因此現代難以知曉。不過，當歐洲人到達新大陸時，就已經有關於此類平原民族通用手語的記載，這些民族分佈於今日的墨西哥灣沿岸地區，包括德克薩斯州和墨西哥北部[8]。在文獻記載中提及這種手語的探險家有西班牙人卡貝薩·德瓦卡（Cabeza de Vaca），於1527年；科羅納多（Francisco Vásquez de Coronado），於1541年。
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (編). Plains Indian Sign Language. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
McKay-Cody, Melanie Raylene, Plains Indian Sign Language: A comparative study of alternative and primary signers, Carroll, Cathryn (編), Deaf Studies V: Toward 2000--Unity and Diversity, Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press, 1998, ISBN 1893891097
Wurtzburg, Susan, and Campbell, Lyle. "North American Indian Sign Language: Evidence for its Existence before European Contact," International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr., 1995), pp. 153-167.
Tomkins, William. Indian sign language. [Republication of "Universal Indian Sign Language of the Plains Indians of North America" 5th ed. 1931]. New York : Dover Publications 1969. (p. 7)
Davis, Jeffrey. 2006. "A historical linguistic account of sign language among North American Indian groups." In Multilingualism and Sign Languages: From the Great Plains to Australia; Sociolinguistics of the Deaf community, C. Lucas (ed.), Vol. 12, pp. 3–35. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press
Bergmann, Anouschka; Kathleen Currie Hall; Sharon Miriam Ross. "Language Files". USA. Ohio State University, 2007.
Bureau of American ethnology. "Annual report of the Bureau of American ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian institution". Washington, DC. Government printing office, 1881.
Cody, Iron Eyes. "Indian Talk". CA. Naturegraph Publishers, Inc, 1970.
Davis, Jeffrey E. "Hand Talk". USA. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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