矮不規則星系(dIrr):是外觀不規則的矮星系[7]。現在認為這種類型的星系對於理解星系的整體演化很重要,因為它們往往具有較低的金屬量和相對高的氣體含量,並且被認為類似於最早充斥於宇宙中的星系。在哈伯深領域探測中發現的暗藍星系(faint blue galaxies)可能是該局部區域的代表星系,因此是最早期的星系。
Morgan, W. W. & Mayall, N. U. (1957). "A Spectral Classification of Galaxies." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.69 (409): 291–303.
Elmegreen, Debra Meloy, and Bruce G. Elmegreen. "Galaxies." Space Sciences, edited by Pat Dasch, vol. 2: Planetary Science and Astronomy, Macmillan Reference USA, 2002, pp. 50-56. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=mcc_pv&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3408800138&asid=f1f899f2eb1f500bc3341c4f13abb896. Accessed 25 September 2017.
Gallagher, J. S. & Hunter, D. A. (1984). "Structure and Evolution of Irregular Galaxies." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics.22: 37-74. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.000345
Grebel, Eva K. (2004). The evolutionary history of Local Group irregular galaxies. in McWilliam, Andrew; Rauch, Michael (eds) Origin and evolution of the elements. Cambridge University Press. p. 234-254. ISBN978-0-521-75578-8.