阿芙拉·貝恩

阿芙拉·貝恩（英語：Aphra Behn，1640年12月14日^[1][2]—1689年4月16日），英國復辟時期的女性劇作家、詩人、散文作家和翻譯家。她是英國首批以寫作謀生的女性之一，打破了文化障礙，成為後世女作家的文學榜樣。她從默默無聞中崛起，引起了英王查理二世的注意，並派她到安特衛普當間諜。返回倫敦後，因債務問題短暫被關進監獄，在那裡她開始為舞台寫作。

阿芙拉·貝恩畫像（繪於約1670年）

她最著名的作品是《奧魯諾可：皇家奴隸（英語：Oroonoko）》（時被描述為一部早期小說）和戲劇《流浪者（英語：The Rover (play)）》^[3]。

參考

1. Aphra Behn (1640–1689). BBC. [19 April 2017].
2. Britland, Karen. Aphra Behn's first marriage?. The Seventeenth Century. 2 January 2021, 36 (1): 33–53. ISSN 0268-117X. S2CID 214340536. doi:10.1080/0268117X.2019.1693420 （英語）.
3. Behn, Aphra. The Rover: The Feigned Courtesans; The Lucky Chance; The Emperor of the Moon. Oxford University Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-19-283451-5 （英語）.

伸延閱讀

• Todd, Janet. The Works of Aphra Behn. 7 vols. Ohio State University Press, 1992–1996. (Currently most up-to-date edition of her collected works)
• O'Donnell, Mary Ann. Aphra Behn: An Annotated Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Sources. 2nd Edition. Ashgate, 2004.
• Spencer, Jane. Aphra Behn's Afterlife. Oxford University Press. 2000.
• Aphra Behn Online: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830. e-journal sponsored by the Aphra Behn Society and the University of South Florida. 2011–
• Hobby, Elaine. Virtue of necessity: English women's writing 1649–88. University of Michigan 1989.
• Lewcock, Dawn. Aphra Behn studies: More for seeing than hearing: Behn and the use of theatre. Ed. Todd, Janet. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.
• Brockhaus, Cathrin, Aphra Behn und ihre Londoner Komödien: Die Dramatikerin und ihr Werk im England des ausgehenden 17. Jahrhunderts, 1998.
• Todd, Janet. The critical fortunes of Aphra Behn. Columbia, SC: Camden House. 1998: 69–72. ISBN 978-1571131652.
• Owens, W. R. Shakespeare, Aphra Behn, and the canon. New York: Routledge in association with the Open University. 1996. ISBN 978-0415135757.
•  Chisholm, Hugh (編). Behn, Aphra. Encyclopædia Britannica 3 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
•  Gosse, Edmund. Behn, Afra. Stephen, Leslie (編). Dictionary of National Biography 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885.
• Gainor, J. Ellen, Stanton B. Garner, Jr., and Martin Puchner. The Norton Anthology of Drama. ISBN 978-0393921519
• Altaba-Artal, Dolors. Aphra Behn's English Feminism: Wit and Satire, Susquehanna University Press, Selinsgrove, PA, 1999.
• Hughes, Derek. The Cambridge Companion to Aphra Behn. Cambridge University Press. 2004.
• Copeland, N. E. (2004). Staging gender in behn and centlivre: Women's comedy and the theatre. Ashgate
• Wallace, David S. "The White Female as Effigy and the Black Female as Surrogate in Janet. Schaw's Journal of a Lady of Quality and Jane Austen's Mansfield Park." Studies in the Literary Imagination, vol. 47, no. 2, 2014, pp. 117.
• Trofimova, Violetta. "First Encounters of Europeans and Africans with Native Americans in Aphra Behn's Oroonoko: White Woman, Black Prince and Noble Savages." SEDERI. Sociedad Española De Estudios Renacentistas Ingleses, vol. 28, no. 28, 2018, pp. 119–128
• Holmesland, Oddvar. Utopian Negotiation: Aphra Behn & Margaret Cavendish, 2013. Print.
• Marshall, Alan. "Memorialls for Mrs Affora": Aphra Behn and the Restoration Intelligence World." Women's Writing : The Elizabethan to Victorian Period, vol. 22, no. 1, 2015, pp. 13–33.
• Dominique, Lyndon J. Imoinda's Shade: Marriage and the African Woman in Eighteenth-Century British Literature, 1759–1808. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2012. Print.
• Benítez-Rojo, Antonio. "The Caribbean: From a Sea Basin to an Atlantic Network." The Southern Quarterly, vol. 55, no. 4, 2018, pp. 196–206.
• Alexander, William. The history of women, from the earliest antiquity, to the present time; giving some account of almost every interesting particular concerning that sex, among all nations, ancient and modern. By William Alexander, M.D. In two volumes. ... Vol. 2, printed by J.A. Husband, for Messrs. S. Price, R. Cross, J. Potts, L. Flin, T. Walker, W. Wilson, C. Jenkin, J. Exshaw, J. Beatty, L. White, M, DCC, LXXIX. [1779]. Eighteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CW0101002305/ECCO?u=maine_orono&sid=bookmark-ECCO&xid=b35feb3c&pg=1. Accessed 20 September 2021.
• Krueger, Misty, Diana Epelbaum, Shelby Johnson, Grace Gomashie, Pam Perkins, Ula L. Klein, Jennifer Golightly, Alexis McQuigge, Octavia Cox, and Victoria Barnett-Woods. Transatlantic Women Travelers, 1688–1843, 2021. Internet resource.
• Waller, Gary F. The Female Baroque in Early Modern English Literary Culture: From Mary Sidney to Aphra Behn, 2020. Internet resource.

外部連結

• Aphra Behn Online: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830
• 維基語錄上有關阿芙拉·貝恩的語錄
• 維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：阿芙拉·貝恩
• 阿芙拉·貝恩收錄於維基文庫中的作品
• Aphra Behn的作品 - 古騰堡計劃
• 互聯網檔案館中阿芙拉·貝恩的作品或與之相關的作品
• 來自阿芙拉·貝恩的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物
• Aphra Behn profile at the BBC
• Profile at Encyclopædia Britannica
• Profile at the Poetry Foundation
• Aphra Behn's Grave, Westminster Abbey
• University of Adelaide biography and etexts (a source for the list of works)
• The Aphra Behn Society
• The Aphra Behn Page
• ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830 ISSN 2157-7129
• Project Continua: Biography of Aphra Behn Project Continua is a web-based multimedia resource dedicated to the creation and preservation of women's intellectual history from the earliest surviving evidence into the 21st Century.