分散決策

分散決策（或稱非集中決策）是當決策單位分散在大型機構各個位置，也指高層給低層官員、執行官和工人授權進行決策。可以是任何規模的機構，可以是政府機構或者公司，但一般用於大型機構。這是一種分散權利的有效手段，對管理學、組織行為學和政府工作有深刻影響。

首先，分散決策來源於組織智慧和群體智慧。分散決策也受益於核心知識，一般是按照卡爾·榮格的集體無意識理論。

麻省理工大學教授Thomas W. Malone認為分散決策主要有三個好處：

(1) 激勵創造和開發;

(2) 讓很多頭腦同時工作，解決同一個問題

(3) 允許靈活性和個人主義

Malone說分散決策一般可以創造更靈活的意見，減少企業中的諂媚奉承，當高層授權決策責任後，領導者也具備一定的控制權，這樣信息的流動更通暢。因此低層向高層匯報更多的情況，允許創新，更有效率的工作，促進生產力。允許創新可以提升整體質量管理。

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