birth trauma (physical)

三到四个月，条件反射通常会完全消失，尽管个体情况可能会持续6个月。双侧无反射可能与婴儿中枢神经系统受损有关，而单侧缺失可能意味着由于出生创伤（英语：birth trauma (physical)）造成了损伤（例如锁骨骨折或臂丛损伤）。在这种情况下，欧勃氏麻痹（英语：Erb's palsy）或其他形式的麻痹也可能存在。在

Kelsey; Mushrif-Tripathy, Veena; Ram Sankhyan, Anek. A Peaceful Realm? Trauma and social differentiation at Harappa (PDF). International Journal of Paleopathology

injury from related causes, such as poor nutrition, liver disease, and head trauma.  Bruha R, Dvorak K, Petrtyl J. Alcoholic liver disease. World Journal of

PMID 20930602.  - MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Facial nerve palsy due to birth trauma （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） retrieved 10 September 2008 Murakami S, Mizobuchi M

ISBN 978-0-465-04397-2 （英语）.  Goldman, Ronald. Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma : how an American Cultural Practice Affects Infants and Ultimately Us All