2021-06-25 [2022-11-23]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-24) (英语). Official 2018 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for Howard County. elections.maryland.gov. Maryland
(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at the Virginia Public Access Project Moving Virginia Forward Archived Web Site, 2007 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) part of Virginia's Political Landscape
Bladek, John David. 'Virginia Is Middle Ground': The Know Nothing Party and the VirginiaGubernatorialElection of 1855. Virginia Magazine of History and